Nutrition FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 8/19/2022

Nutrition FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 8/19/2022 What is the RDA for Fat for toddlers (1-3) ? none What is the RDA for Fat for children (4-8)? none What is the RDA for Fat for adolescents (14-18) ? none What is the RDA for Fat for children (9-13) ? none What is the RDA for Protein for toddlers (1-3) ? 1.10g/kg What is the RDA for Protein for children (4-8) ? 0.95g/kg What is the RDA for Protein for children (9-13) ? 0.95g/kg What is the RDA for Protein for adolescents (14-18) ? 0.85g/kg What is the RDA for Carbohydrate for toddlers (1-3) ? 130g/day What is the RDA for Carbohydrate for children (4-8) ? 130g/day What is the RDA for Carbohydrate for children (9-13) ? 130g/day What is the RDA for Carbohydrate for Adolescents (14-18) ? 130g/day What leaves older adults at risk for poor wound healing and a depressed immune system ? -chronic deficiencies of protein -vitamins -minerals What do deficiency of B vitamins do in the older adult ? -inflammation -irritation -cracking of the lips and tongue What do deficiency of Vitamin C do in the older adult ? increases the risk for periodontal (gum) disease What vitamins contribute to bone loss in the oral cavity in the older adult is not consumed enough ? -calcium -vitamin D -protein What does saliva do ? -helps neutralize the decay promoting acids What vitamins and minerals are proven to help with cataracts and macular degeneration ? -vitamin C -vitamin E -Zinc -Omega fatty acids -Lutein -Zeaxanthin What is the name of a slow aging supplement ? beta carotene What is the name of the supplement that improves wrinkle and elasticity in the low dose group ? beta carotene Medications reduce the absorption of what vitamins and minerals ? -calcium -iron -fat soluble vitamins Medications reduce the activation of what vitamins and minerals ? -Vitamin D -Vitamin B12 -Folate What type of breakfast would be most appropriate to serve a 20 month old child ? 1/2 cup of iron fortified cooked oat cereal, 2 tbsp of mashed pineapple, 1 cup of whole milk What would most likely be deficient in the diet of a vegetarian toddler ? iron and zinc Children require a diet providing between ____% to ____% of total energy as fat 25% to 35% An adolescent continues to grow in height until the epiphyseal plates close What is the RDA for calcium for boys aged 9-18 ? 1300mg/day What is the RDA for calcium for girls aged 9-18 ? 1300mg/day What are some events that happen with normal aging ? -absorption of vitamin B12 from foods in the GI tract is reduced -a reduced sense of smell -muscle mass decreases The food choice patterns of children are heavily influenced by the food choices of their patterns Does calorie restriction increase life span ? it reduces the production of free radicals What is the name of the practice involves 20% to 30% fewer calories ? calorie restriction Calorie restriction involves consuming ___% to ____% fewer calories 20% to 30% Other metabolic effects of calorie restriction reported in several but not all human studies include -decreased fat mass and lean body mass -decreased core body temperature -reduced levels of DNA damage -increased serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol Some studies have reported a higher risk of death with high doses of what vitamins and supplements ? -vitamin A -vitamin E -beta carotene What are the names of the micronutrients and supplements that claim to enhance longevity ? -resveratrol -siberian ginseng -ginkgo biloba -royal jelly -dried glandulars -DHEA -HGH -melatonin -alpha lipoic acid -beta carotene The CDC reminds us that chronic disease is responsible for ____out of every ____ deaths of Americans 7 out of 10 What are 5 behaviors within your control that are key to the preventions of chronic disease 1. Getting adequate amounts of physical activity on a regular basis 2. Maintaining a healthful body weight and composition 3. Never smoking 4. Consuming no or only moderate amounts of alcohol 5. Obtaining sufficient sleep on a daily basis Is semi-dwarf varieties of plants that are unlikely to fall over in wind and heavy rains and thus can carry larger amounts of seeds that greatly increasing the yield per acre is called high yield varieties HYVs means high yield varieties What was produced by cross breeding plants and selected for the most desirable traits ? high yield varieties What were the first high yield varieties ? -rice -wheat -corn -beans How can you prevent foodborne illness ? -clean your food properly -wash your hands -store your food properly -cook your food properly -separate your food How is food spoilage prevented ? -canning -pasteurization -aseptic packaging -high pressure processing -irradiation What is also known as genetic engineering ? genetic modification Is the process of changing an organism by manipulating its genetic material is called genetic modification Is any organism where the DNA has been altered by using recombinant DNA technology is called GMO Genetic modification includes -selective breeding -recombinant DNA technology Is a type of genetic modification where scientists combine DNA from different sources to produce a transgenic organism that expresses a desired trait is called recombinant DNA technology Recombinant DNA technology involves producing plants and organisms that contain modified DNA What are some benefits of genetic modification -it grows crops faster and have higher yield, -helps with drought resistant crops -helps conserve water -it's crops can be produced with higher nutrient contents, improved farmers profits & benefit the economy Genetic modification poses potential health risks such as -allergenicity -antimicrobial properties -indirect effects on food safety and loss of diversity -link to cancer Genetic modification poses environmental risks such as -loss of biodiversity -generation of superweeds -threats to other species How are dietary supplements regulated?