West Coast EMT Final Exam Study Guide (Complete and Rated A+ Solutions)

West Coast EMT Final Exam Study Guide (Complete and Rated A + Solutions ) What makes up the axial skeleton? - skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage what is the epiglottis? - a flap that flips down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing what is croup? - acute VIRAL inflammatory disease of larynx, primarily w/in the subglottic space -6 months to 6 years what is a pulmonary embolism? - A condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot. what is an aneury sm? - an excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall. what is a thrombus? - stationary blood clot what is an embolism? - A piece of a blood clot that enters the bloodstream What is subcutaneous emphysema? - a ch aracteristic crackling sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by the presence of air in the soft tissue -may feel like rice crispy treats what is hemoptysis? - Coughing up blood; blood in sputum generally from the lungs. what is hematuria? - presence of blood in the urine What is hematemesis? - vomiting blood What is capnography? - A noninvasive technique to alert you to hypoventilation even when your patient's pulse ox reading are fine. Carbon dioxide is the most significant factor in monitori ng ventilation. Capnography measures the CO2 in every breath to monitor air exchange in the patient's alveoli. Trendelenburg position - A position in which the patient's feet and legs are higher than the head What is CPAP? Why is it used? - continuous po sitive airway pressure; used to deliver pressure to the airways to keep the airway open while the individual sleeps small -volume nebulizer - a device that uses compressed air or oxygen to nebulize a liquid medication into a mist that a patient can inhale How to care for a patient who has been sexually assaulted: - Have female be treated by female EMT - First component is medical treatment. - Second is psychologic care of the patient - don't cross -examine patient or attempt to obtain info - Don't tamper any evidence. Put evidence in paper bags, not plastic. types of consent: expressed - Patient verbally or otherwise acknowledges that he/she wants you to provide care or transport. May be nonverbal. informed consent - you explained the nature of treatmen t being offered, along with potential risks, benefits, and alternatives to treatment, as well as consequences of refusing treatment. types of consent: implied - Legal principle that allows treatment under circumstances, such as intoxication, mentally impa ired, or suffering from certain conditions such as head injury. - applies only when a serious medical condition exists and should never be used unless there is a threat to life or limb types of consent: involuntary - Applies when a person is mentally ill , developmentally delayed, or who is in a behavioral (psychological) crisis. Someone makes the decision on their behalf (legally responsible). types of consent: minors - - When a parent cannot be reached to provide consent, health care providers are allow ed to give emergency care to a child. - If a minor is injured and requires medical treatment in a school or camp setting, teachers and officials may act in loco parentis, meaning in position of parent. emancipated minors: - People who, despite being unde r the legal age in a given state, can be legally treated as adults based on certain circumstances, such as being married, members of armed services, or if they are parents. Bradycardia - A slow heart rate. -less than 60 beats/min for adults and children (older than 10) -less than 60 beats/min for preschoolers and school -aged children (2 years to 10 years) -less than 100 for infants and toddlers (3 months to 2 years) -less than 85 for infants (up to 3 months)