West Coast EMT Block 1 Exam Study Guide
(Complete Solution)
Protocols - Protocols: described in a comprehensive guide delineating the EMT's scope of practice
(what you can/can't do)
Standing order - Standing Order: part of protocols and designate what the EMT is required to do for
a specific complaint or condition (what you are required to do in a specific incident & what you are
already given permission to do)
providers are not required to consult medical direction before implementing standing orders (b/c
they already have permission)
Draw Sheet technique - - to move the patient from a bed onto a stretcher
- place the stretcher next to the bed, making sure that it is the same or lower height than the bed
- loosen the bottom sheet underneath or log roll the patient onto the blanket
- reach across the stretcher and grasp the sheet or blanket firmly at the patient's head, chest, hips,
and knees
- gently slide the patient onto the stretcher
Scoop Stretcher - - to move patient
- designed to be split into two or four pieces
- narrow, well constructed, and compact and have excellent body support features but are not
adequate when used alone for standard immobilization of spinal injury
- two halves of the device are unserted under each side of the patient, and the two sides are
fastened together
- the patient is then carried to the nearby prepared stretcher
STEPS:
1. adjust the scoop the proper length
,2. position the stretcher, one side at a time. lift the patien'ts side slightly by pulling on the far hip
and upper arm while your partner slides the stretcher into place
3. lock the stretcher ends together one at a time while lifting the patient slightly to avoid pinching
4. apply and fasten strap to secure patient
Neonatal Isolette - - when you need to transport a neonatal (newborn) patient from one hospital to
another
- sometimes referred to as an incubator
- the isolette keeps the neonatal patient warm with moistened air in a clean environment and helps
to protect the infant from noise, drafts, infection and excess handling
Different types of Non-Urgent Moves - - used when both scene and patient are stable
- Direct Ground Lift:
*for supine (lying upward) patients with no suspected spinal injury
*for patients who need to be carried over some distance
*EMTs stand side by side to lift/carry the patient
Extremity Lift: - - for patients with no suspected spinal injury who are supine or sitting
- patients who are in a small space
- one EMT is at the patient's head and the other at the patient's feet
- coordinate moves verbally
Transfer Moves - - Direct Carry: move a supine patient from bed to stretcher
- Draw Sheet Method: move patient using a sheet or blanket
- Scoop Stretcher: the two halves of the device are inserted under each side of the patient, and the
two sides are fastened together. the patient is lifted and carried to the nearby prepared stretcher
, Rapid extrication technique - - the patient is moved from sitting the vehicle to supine, on a
backboard in 1 minute or less; however, this method can increase damage if the patient has a spinal
injury
- When to use Rapid Extrication Technique
* vehicle or scene is unsafe
* explosives or other hazardous materials are on the scene
* there is a fire or danger of fire nearby
* the patient cannot be properly assessed before being removed from the vehicle
* the patient needed immediate intervention that requires a supine position
the patient has a life-threatening condition that requires rapid transport to the hospital
* patient blocks your access to another seriously injured patient
requires a team of three who are knowledgable and experienced
STEP:
1. The first provider provides in-line manual support of the head and cervical spine
2. The second provider gives commands, applies cervical collar, and performs the primary
assessment
3. The second provider supports the torso. the third provider frees the patient's legs from the
pedals and moves the legs together, w/o moving the pelvis or spine
4. the second and third provider rotate the patient as a unit in several short, coordinated moves. the
first provider supports the patient's head and neck during rotation
5. the first provider places the backboard on seat against the patient's buttocks
6. slide until patient's hips rest on backboard
7. slide patient fully onto a backboard
8. stabilize head and carry to stretcher
Log Roll Technique - - log roll the patient onto his or her side to place a patient on a backboard
- kneel as close to the patient's side as possible
- keep your back straight and lean solely from the hips
(Complete Solution)
Protocols - Protocols: described in a comprehensive guide delineating the EMT's scope of practice
(what you can/can't do)
Standing order - Standing Order: part of protocols and designate what the EMT is required to do for
a specific complaint or condition (what you are required to do in a specific incident & what you are
already given permission to do)
providers are not required to consult medical direction before implementing standing orders (b/c
they already have permission)
Draw Sheet technique - - to move the patient from a bed onto a stretcher
- place the stretcher next to the bed, making sure that it is the same or lower height than the bed
- loosen the bottom sheet underneath or log roll the patient onto the blanket
- reach across the stretcher and grasp the sheet or blanket firmly at the patient's head, chest, hips,
and knees
- gently slide the patient onto the stretcher
Scoop Stretcher - - to move patient
- designed to be split into two or four pieces
- narrow, well constructed, and compact and have excellent body support features but are not
adequate when used alone for standard immobilization of spinal injury
- two halves of the device are unserted under each side of the patient, and the two sides are
fastened together
- the patient is then carried to the nearby prepared stretcher
STEPS:
1. adjust the scoop the proper length
,2. position the stretcher, one side at a time. lift the patien'ts side slightly by pulling on the far hip
and upper arm while your partner slides the stretcher into place
3. lock the stretcher ends together one at a time while lifting the patient slightly to avoid pinching
4. apply and fasten strap to secure patient
Neonatal Isolette - - when you need to transport a neonatal (newborn) patient from one hospital to
another
- sometimes referred to as an incubator
- the isolette keeps the neonatal patient warm with moistened air in a clean environment and helps
to protect the infant from noise, drafts, infection and excess handling
Different types of Non-Urgent Moves - - used when both scene and patient are stable
- Direct Ground Lift:
*for supine (lying upward) patients with no suspected spinal injury
*for patients who need to be carried over some distance
*EMTs stand side by side to lift/carry the patient
Extremity Lift: - - for patients with no suspected spinal injury who are supine or sitting
- patients who are in a small space
- one EMT is at the patient's head and the other at the patient's feet
- coordinate moves verbally
Transfer Moves - - Direct Carry: move a supine patient from bed to stretcher
- Draw Sheet Method: move patient using a sheet or blanket
- Scoop Stretcher: the two halves of the device are inserted under each side of the patient, and the
two sides are fastened together. the patient is lifted and carried to the nearby prepared stretcher
, Rapid extrication technique - - the patient is moved from sitting the vehicle to supine, on a
backboard in 1 minute or less; however, this method can increase damage if the patient has a spinal
injury
- When to use Rapid Extrication Technique
* vehicle or scene is unsafe
* explosives or other hazardous materials are on the scene
* there is a fire or danger of fire nearby
* the patient cannot be properly assessed before being removed from the vehicle
* the patient needed immediate intervention that requires a supine position
the patient has a life-threatening condition that requires rapid transport to the hospital
* patient blocks your access to another seriously injured patient
requires a team of three who are knowledgable and experienced
STEP:
1. The first provider provides in-line manual support of the head and cervical spine
2. The second provider gives commands, applies cervical collar, and performs the primary
assessment
3. The second provider supports the torso. the third provider frees the patient's legs from the
pedals and moves the legs together, w/o moving the pelvis or spine
4. the second and third provider rotate the patient as a unit in several short, coordinated moves. the
first provider supports the patient's head and neck during rotation
5. the first provider places the backboard on seat against the patient's buttocks
6. slide until patient's hips rest on backboard
7. slide patient fully onto a backboard
8. stabilize head and carry to stretcher
Log Roll Technique - - log roll the patient onto his or her side to place a patient on a backboard
- kneel as close to the patient's side as possible
- keep your back straight and lean solely from the hips
