A-level Biology Edexcel - CARBOHYDRATES
Describe the structure of amylopectin - ~ Long, unbranched chains of α-
glucose
~ Has side branches which allows enzyme to hydrolyse bonds more easily
- glucose is released quickly
~ Amylopectin is insoluble so does not effect water potential inside a cell
~ Contain 1-4 glyosidic bonds
~ Branches with 1-6 glycosidic bonds
Describe the structure of amylose - ~ Long, unbranched chains of α-
glucose
~ Angles of glyosidic bonds makes it a coiled structure - this makes it
compact and good for storage
~ Amylose is insoluble so does not effect water potential
~ Contain 1-4 glycosidic bonds
Draw a ribose molecule -
Draw alpha glucose -
Draw beta glucose -
Give an example of a pentose sugar - Ribose
, Give examples of hexose sugars - Glucose, fructose, galactose
How are monosaccharides bonded? - Glycosidic covalent linkages
How are polysaccharides broken down? - Hydrolysis, where water is added
to the glycosdic bond
How does glycogen differ from starch? - Glycogen molecule has more 1,6
glycosidic bonds giving it many more side branches, meaning it can be
broken down more rapidly
How is a disaccharide formed? - When two monosaccharides join together
in a condensation reaction where water is removed
Name 3 ways in which carbohydrates are useful - 1. Energy store
2. Energy source
3. Cellulose (structure)
Name 3 ways in which polysaccharides' structure makes them ideal as
storage molecules - 1. Compact so large numbers can be stored in cell
2. Glycosidic bonds are easily broken, allowing rapid release of
monosaccharide units for cellular respiration
3. Insoluble in water so do not affect water balance
Name the monosaccharides of lactose - Alpha-glucose and beta-galactose
Name the monosaccharides of maltose - Alpha-glucose and alpha-glucose
Describe the structure of amylopectin - ~ Long, unbranched chains of α-
glucose
~ Has side branches which allows enzyme to hydrolyse bonds more easily
- glucose is released quickly
~ Amylopectin is insoluble so does not effect water potential inside a cell
~ Contain 1-4 glyosidic bonds
~ Branches with 1-6 glycosidic bonds
Describe the structure of amylose - ~ Long, unbranched chains of α-
glucose
~ Angles of glyosidic bonds makes it a coiled structure - this makes it
compact and good for storage
~ Amylose is insoluble so does not effect water potential
~ Contain 1-4 glycosidic bonds
Draw a ribose molecule -
Draw alpha glucose -
Draw beta glucose -
Give an example of a pentose sugar - Ribose
, Give examples of hexose sugars - Glucose, fructose, galactose
How are monosaccharides bonded? - Glycosidic covalent linkages
How are polysaccharides broken down? - Hydrolysis, where water is added
to the glycosdic bond
How does glycogen differ from starch? - Glycogen molecule has more 1,6
glycosidic bonds giving it many more side branches, meaning it can be
broken down more rapidly
How is a disaccharide formed? - When two monosaccharides join together
in a condensation reaction where water is removed
Name 3 ways in which carbohydrates are useful - 1. Energy store
2. Energy source
3. Cellulose (structure)
Name 3 ways in which polysaccharides' structure makes them ideal as
storage molecules - 1. Compact so large numbers can be stored in cell
2. Glycosidic bonds are easily broken, allowing rapid release of
monosaccharide units for cellular respiration
3. Insoluble in water so do not affect water balance
Name the monosaccharides of lactose - Alpha-glucose and beta-galactose
Name the monosaccharides of maltose - Alpha-glucose and alpha-glucose
