TEST BANK
Campbell Biology in Focus
Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson, Jane B. Reece
1st Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction Evolution and the Foundations of Biology 1
Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life 12
Chapter 3 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life 65
Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell 101
Chapter 5 Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling 122
Chapter 6 An Introduction to Metabolism 151
Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 176
Chapter 8 Photosynthesis 205
Chapter 9 The Cell Cycle 227
Chapter 10 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles 248
Chapter 11 Mendel and the Gene Idea 269
Chapter 12 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance 294
Chapter 13 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance 309
Chapter 14 Gene Expression From Gene to Protein 333
Chapter 15 Regulation of Gene Expression 362
Chapter 16 Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer 379
Chapter 17 Viruses 389
Chapter 18 Genomes and Their Evolution 404
Chapter 19 Descent with Modification 416
Chapter 20 Phylogeny 436
Chapter 21 The Evolution of Populations 460
Chapter 22 The Origin of Species 487
Chapter 23 Broad Patterns of Evolution 512
Chapter 24 Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes 528
Chapter 25 The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes 564
Chapter 26 The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi 590
Chapter 27 The Rise of Animal Diversity 643
Chapter 28 Plant Structure and Growth 682
Chapter 29 Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants 698
Chapter 30 Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants 735
Chapter 31 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals 754
Chapter 32 Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling 775
Chapter 33 Animal Nutrition 808
Chapter 34 Circulation and Gas Exchange 827
Chapter 35 The Immune System 848
Chapter 36 Reproduction and Development 873
Chapter 37 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling 904
Chapter 38 Nervous and Sensory Systems 924
,Chapter 39 Motor Mechanisms and Behavior 951
Chapter 40 Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms 975
Chapter 41 Species Interactions 1012
Chapter 42 Ecosystems and Energy 1031
Chapter 43 Global Ecology and Conservation Biology 1055
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 1st Edition (Urry, 2014)
Campbell Biology in Focus (Urry)
Chapter 1 Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology
1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a
A) biosystem.
B) community.
C) population.
D) ecosystem.
E) family.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.1
2) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example,
W W W . T B S M . W S
plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight to
A) the energy of motion.
B) carbon dioxide and water.
C) chemical energy.
D) oxygen.
E) kinetic energy.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.1
3) The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is
A) light energy.
B) kinetic energy.
C) thermal energy.
D) chemical energy.
E) ATP.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.1
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 1st Edition (Urry, 2014)
4) Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic
material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?
A) animal
B) plant
C) archaea
D) fungi
E) protists
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.1
5) To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure
of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?
A) evolution
B) emergent properties
C) reductionism
D) the cell theory
W W W . T B S M . W S
E) feedback regulation
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.1
6) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?
A) Bacteria and Eukarya
B) Archaea and Monera
C) Eukarya and Monera
D) Bacteria and Protista
E) Bacteria and Archaea
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
7) A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a cell
wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification?
A) Eukarya
B) Archaea
C) Animalia
D) Protista
E) Fungi
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.2
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 1st Edition (Urry, 2014)
8) An organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This organism has a cell
wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism?
A) domain Bacteria, kingdom Prokaryota
B) domain Archaea, kingdom Bacteria
C) domain Eukarya, kingdom Plantae
D) domain Eukarya, kingdom Protista
E) domain Eukarya, kingdom Fungi
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.2
9) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
A) ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems
B) near universality of the genetic code
C) structure of the nucleus
D) structure of cilia
E) structure of chloroplasts
W W W . T B S M . W S
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.2
10) Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection?
A) It requires genetic variation.
B) It results in descent with modification.
C) It involves differential reproductive success.
D) It results in descent with modification and involves differential reproductive success.
E) It requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differential
reproductive success.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
11) Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that
organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess
A) non-heritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment.
B) non-heritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment.
C) non-heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
D) heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
E) heritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 1st Edition (Urry, 2014)
12) Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?
A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill
B) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to
reproduce
C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring
D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce
E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to reproduce
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.2
13) Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land
animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained
by
A) natural philosophy.
B) reductionism.
W W W . T B S M . W S
C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life.
D) natural selection.
E) feedback inhibition.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.2
14) Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of Charles
Darwin's On the Origin of Species?
A) The book received little attention except from a small scientific community.
B) The book was banned from schools.
C) The book was widely discussed and disseminated.
D) The book's authorship was disputed.
E) The book was discredited by most scientists.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 1st Edition (Urry, 2014)
15) Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking?
A) He provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time.
B) He demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now.
C) He described the relationship between genes and evolution.
D) He proposed the mechanism that explains how evolution takes place.
E) He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
16) Darwin's finches, collected from the Galápagos Islands, illustrate which of the following?
A) mutation frequency
B) ancestors from different regions
C) adaptive radiation
D) vestigial anatomic structures
E) the accuracy of the fossil record
W W W . T B S M . W S
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
17) What is the major distinguishing characteristic of fungi?
A) gaining nutrition through ingestion
B) being sedentary
C) being prokaryotic
D) absorbing nutrients
E) being decomposers of dead organisms
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
18) Imagine there is a species-specific fishing regulation that mandates only adult fish of this
species that are 75 cm or longer may be kept and shorter fish must be released. Based on your
knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average length of the adult fish
population will
A) remain unchanged.
B) gradually decline.
C) rapidly decline.
D) gradually increase.
E) rapidly increase.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.2
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
Campbell Biology in Focus
Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson, Jane B. Reece
1st Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction Evolution and the Foundations of Biology 1
Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life 12
Chapter 3 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life 65
Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell 101
Chapter 5 Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling 122
Chapter 6 An Introduction to Metabolism 151
Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 176
Chapter 8 Photosynthesis 205
Chapter 9 The Cell Cycle 227
Chapter 10 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles 248
Chapter 11 Mendel and the Gene Idea 269
Chapter 12 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance 294
Chapter 13 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance 309
Chapter 14 Gene Expression From Gene to Protein 333
Chapter 15 Regulation of Gene Expression 362
Chapter 16 Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer 379
Chapter 17 Viruses 389
Chapter 18 Genomes and Their Evolution 404
Chapter 19 Descent with Modification 416
Chapter 20 Phylogeny 436
Chapter 21 The Evolution of Populations 460
Chapter 22 The Origin of Species 487
Chapter 23 Broad Patterns of Evolution 512
Chapter 24 Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes 528
Chapter 25 The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes 564
Chapter 26 The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi 590
Chapter 27 The Rise of Animal Diversity 643
Chapter 28 Plant Structure and Growth 682
Chapter 29 Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants 698
Chapter 30 Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants 735
Chapter 31 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals 754
Chapter 32 Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling 775
Chapter 33 Animal Nutrition 808
Chapter 34 Circulation and Gas Exchange 827
Chapter 35 The Immune System 848
Chapter 36 Reproduction and Development 873
Chapter 37 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling 904
Chapter 38 Nervous and Sensory Systems 924
,Chapter 39 Motor Mechanisms and Behavior 951
Chapter 40 Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms 975
Chapter 41 Species Interactions 1012
Chapter 42 Ecosystems and Energy 1031
Chapter 43 Global Ecology and Conservation Biology 1055
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 1st Edition (Urry, 2014)
Campbell Biology in Focus (Urry)
Chapter 1 Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology
1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a
A) biosystem.
B) community.
C) population.
D) ecosystem.
E) family.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.1
2) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example,
W W W . T B S M . W S
plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight to
A) the energy of motion.
B) carbon dioxide and water.
C) chemical energy.
D) oxygen.
E) kinetic energy.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.1
3) The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is
A) light energy.
B) kinetic energy.
C) thermal energy.
D) chemical energy.
E) ATP.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.1
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 1st Edition (Urry, 2014)
4) Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic
material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?
A) animal
B) plant
C) archaea
D) fungi
E) protists
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.1
5) To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure
of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?
A) evolution
B) emergent properties
C) reductionism
D) the cell theory
W W W . T B S M . W S
E) feedback regulation
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.1
6) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?
A) Bacteria and Eukarya
B) Archaea and Monera
C) Eukarya and Monera
D) Bacteria and Protista
E) Bacteria and Archaea
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
7) A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a cell
wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification?
A) Eukarya
B) Archaea
C) Animalia
D) Protista
E) Fungi
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.2
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 1st Edition (Urry, 2014)
8) An organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This organism has a cell
wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism?
A) domain Bacteria, kingdom Prokaryota
B) domain Archaea, kingdom Bacteria
C) domain Eukarya, kingdom Plantae
D) domain Eukarya, kingdom Protista
E) domain Eukarya, kingdom Fungi
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.2
9) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
A) ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems
B) near universality of the genetic code
C) structure of the nucleus
D) structure of cilia
E) structure of chloroplasts
W W W . T B S M . W S
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.2
10) Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection?
A) It requires genetic variation.
B) It results in descent with modification.
C) It involves differential reproductive success.
D) It results in descent with modification and involves differential reproductive success.
E) It requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differential
reproductive success.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
11) Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that
organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess
A) non-heritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment.
B) non-heritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment.
C) non-heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
D) heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
E) heritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 1st Edition (Urry, 2014)
12) Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?
A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill
B) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to
reproduce
C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring
D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce
E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to reproduce
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.2
13) Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land
animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained
by
A) natural philosophy.
B) reductionism.
W W W . T B S M . W S
C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life.
D) natural selection.
E) feedback inhibition.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.2
14) Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of Charles
Darwin's On the Origin of Species?
A) The book received little attention except from a small scientific community.
B) The book was banned from schools.
C) The book was widely discussed and disseminated.
D) The book's authorship was disputed.
E) The book was discredited by most scientists.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Campbell Biology in Focus, 1st Edition (Urry, 2014)
15) Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking?
A) He provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time.
B) He demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now.
C) He described the relationship between genes and evolution.
D) He proposed the mechanism that explains how evolution takes place.
E) He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
16) Darwin's finches, collected from the Galápagos Islands, illustrate which of the following?
A) mutation frequency
B) ancestors from different regions
C) adaptive radiation
D) vestigial anatomic structures
E) the accuracy of the fossil record
W W W . T B S M . W S
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
17) What is the major distinguishing characteristic of fungi?
A) gaining nutrition through ingestion
B) being sedentary
C) being prokaryotic
D) absorbing nutrients
E) being decomposers of dead organisms
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
18) Imagine there is a species-specific fishing regulation that mandates only adult fish of this
species that are 75 cm or longer may be kept and shorter fish must be released. Based on your
knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average length of the adult fish
population will
A) remain unchanged.
B) gradually decline.
C) rapidly decline.
D) gradually increase.
E) rapidly increase.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.2
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
