ATI Nutrition Proctored exam review

What type of food allergy reactions would the nurse assess prior to administering epi? - -nausea -vomiting -dyspnea -itching -dizziness -headache also: gasping for air, clenching throat, severe swelling on the face, etc. -these all indicate severe anaphylaxis Diet Management for an older adult with heart failure will include teaching to: - -limit sodium (Na) to 2000 mg/day or less -monitor (possibly restrict to 1.5 L/day) fluid intake -small meals to decrease effort of eating -electrolytes may be messed up due to diuretics: potassium, sodium, zinc (except spinrolactone=K sparing) A person with heart failure should have a daily sodium intake of: - 2000 mg or less Foods high in potassium: - apricots bananas potatoes tomatoes avocado fish spinach beans Daily cholesterol intake should be less than: - 200 mg DASH diet for HTN: - -low sodium -high potassium -high calcium A client with diabetes that may be experiencing hypoglycemia should be instructed to: - eat 15-20 g of carbs such as juice, soda, candies, honey, glucose tablets, etc. General nutritional guidelines for a client with diabetes: - Carbs: 130 g/day from grains, fruits, legumes, milk. No simple carbs. Fats: sat fat less than 7% of total calories, trans fatty acid less than 1% of total daily caloric intake, limit fried foods. Cholesterol: 200-300 mg/day Fiber: 14 g per 1000 calories from beans, oats, veggies, whole grains Protein: 15-20% total caloric intake from meats, eggs, fish, nuts, beans, & soy products NO TOBACCO, LIMIT ALCOHOL Hyperlipidemia? NO ALCOHOL Artificial sweeteners okay, except preggo! sucrose (table sugar) can be included in diabetic diet as long as adequate insulin is available A nurse is reinforcing diet teaching to a client who has type 2 DM. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply. A. Carbs should comprise 55% of daily caloric intake B. Use hydrogenated oils for cooking C. Table sugar may be added to cereals D. Drink an alcoholic beverage w/meals E. Protein foods can be substituted for carb foods - A, C, D Not B-hydrogenated oils contain trans fatty acids & cause hyperlipidemia Not E-carbs can be exchanged but not w/proteins A nurse is reviewing dietary guidelines to include in the plan of care for a client who has type 2 DM. Which of the following guidelines should the nurse include? Select all that apply. A. Weight management B. Lipid profile C. Cultural needs D. Sleep patterns E. Personal preferences - A, B, C, E To avoid hypoglycemia, the client should consume alcohol... - with a meal or immediately after a meal _______________can be included in a diabetic diet as long as adequate insulin or other agents are provided to cover the sugar intake. - Sucrose (table sugar) What food sources are high in protein? - meats eggs fish nuts beans soy products The nurse should instruct the diabetic client that their intake of carbohydrates should be ___to___% of total daily caloric intake. - 45-60% The nurse should instruct the diabetic client that they should limit their total daily cholesterol intake to: - 200-300 mg/day A diabetic client should be instructed that sat fats should account for less than __% of total calories. - 7% The USDA and HSS diet guidelines for fats: - -fats may average 30% of total caloric intake -less than 10% from sat fats The USDA and HHS recommend to limit _______and _______foods to prevent occurrence of dental caries. - sugar and starchy foods The USDA & HHS recommends less than ________mg (about 1 tsp) of salt per day. - 2300 USDA myplate recommended servings based on a 2000 calorie diet: Grains=___oz Veggies=______cups Fruits=_______cups Milk=____cups Protein foods=_____oz Oils=____tsp - grains=6 oz veggies= 2 1/2 cups fruits= 2 cups milk= 3 cups protein foods= 5 1/2 oz oils= 6 tsp The lacto-ovo vegetarian diet includes: - dairy products and eggs Healthy heart diet: Limit saturated fat to __% of calories & cholesterol to ___mg/day For elevated LDL, increase what? What type of diet for HTN? - limit sat fat to 10% of calories & cholesterol to 300 mg/day For elevated LDL, increase monosaturated fats & soluble fiber. HTN diet=DASH