RICA Subtest 1 2022/2023

Phonological Awareness - Answer- Understanding that speech is made up of sounds. A child can manipulate sounds within words (NO letters) Phoneme - Answer- The smallest unit of sounds # of Phonemes in the word fox - Answer- 4 ( /f/ /o/ /k/ /s/) x= /k/+/s/ Phonemic Awareness - Answer- The ability to manipulate and distinguish the phonemes in a spoken word (NO letters present) (ex. A student saying that duck has 3 sounds (/d/ /u/ /k/) is being phonemically aware Grapheme - Answer- letters that represent phonemes (Ex. fox has 4 phonemes, but 3 graphemes f-o-x) (Ex. the /k/ sound (phoneme) in duck is ck, which is the grapheme) Alphabetic principle - Answer- an understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken words. What ideas are under the Umbrella Term Phonological awareness? - Answer- onset-rime, syllables, rhyming/alliteration, words in sentences, phonemic awareness What Ideas are under phonemic awareness ? - Answer- SOUND: blending, segmenting, isolating, adding, deleting, and subtracting Phonics - Answer- Refers to instruction in how letters and sounds correspond to each other and how sound-letter correspondence can be used to decode and pronounce words in text (LETTERS present) Word awareness - Answer- knowing that individual words make up a sentence "A brown cat jumped over the car." has 7 words syllable awareness - Answer- Students clap hands as they say each syllable in a word. Easier if pronunciation of the syllables is distorted and said slowly/distinctly. Word Blending - Answer- Taking 2 single-syllable words and combining them to make a compound word (cow and boy = cowboy) Onset and Rime - Answer- In a syllable, the onset is the initial consonant or consonants, and the rime is the vowel and any consonants that follow it (ex., the word sat: Onset is s- and the rime is -it. The word flip, onset is fl- and rime is -ip).