EMT cardiology FISDAP study guide latest updated

Septum - Answer-Divides the right and left chambers of the heart superior vena cava - Answer-transports blood from the upper portion of the body to the right atrium of the heart inferior vena cava - Answer-carries blood from lower regions of the body to right atrium of the heart right ventricle - Answer-pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs tricuspid valve - Answer-valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle pulmonary artery - Answer-Carries deoxygentated blood from the heart to the lungs pulmonary veins - Answer-carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart left ventricle - Answer-pumps oxygenated blood to the body left atrium - Answer-receives oxygenated blood from the lungs right atrium - Answer-Receives deoxygenated blood from the body mitral (bicuspid) valve - Answer-valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle. SA node - Answer-pacemaker of the heart, where normal electrical impulses begin AV node - Answer-region where electrical impulse in the heart is slowed to allow blood time to pass from the atria to the ventricles sympathetic nervous system - Answer-flight or fight; speeds heart rate, dilates blood vessels in muscle, increases respiratory speed and depth, constricts blood vessels in digestive system parasympathetic - Answer-feed and breed; slows heart & respiratory rate, constricts blood vessels in muscles, dilates blood vessels in digestive system cardiac output - Answer-heart rate x stroke volume stroke volume - Answer-The amount of blood ejected from the heart with each ventricular contraction. blood consists of - Answer-plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets Ischemia - Answer-an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, for this chapter to the heart muscles. Atherosclerosis - Answer-condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries thromboembolism - Answer-A blood clot that has formed within a blood vessel and is floating within the bloodstream. acute myocardial infarction - Answer-A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle. Also called a heart attack. acute coronary syndrome - Answer-A term used to describe a group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia; includes angina and myocardial infarction. angina pectoris - Answer-when the heart's need for oxygen exceeds its supply, usually during periods of physical or emotional stress where the heart is working hard tachycardia - Answer-100 bpm Bradycardia - Answer-60 bpm Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) - Answer-abnormal heart rhythm which results in quivering of ventricles SHOCKABLE Ventricular tachycardia - Answer-a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles (150-200bpm) can deteriorate into v fib asystole - Answer-absence of all heart electrical activity cardiogenic shock - Answer-the heart lacks the power to force proper volume of blood through circulatory system cardiogenic shock signs/symptoms - Answer-anxiety; pale, cool, clammy skin; high pulse rate; rapid shallow breathing; nausea/vomiting Cardiogenic shock treatment - Answer-semifowler, oxygen, assist ventilations (if needed), blankets, prompt transport to ED congestive heart failure (CHF) - Answer-ventricular heart muscle is permanently damaged and can no longer keep up with the return flow of blood from the atria, leads to left ventricle failure left ventricular failure - Answer-fluid and blood back into the lungs leading to pulmonary edema; frothy sputum and dyspnea right heart damage - Answer-dependent edema (fluid in the lower limbs) Hypertension - Answer-systolic 140mmHg+ or diastolic 90mmHg+ Hypertension emergency - Answer-systolic 180mmHg+ or rapid rise in systolic BP; headache; strong bounding pulse, ringing in ears, nausea, altered mental status Hypertensive emergency treatment - Answer-elevate head, rapid transport aortic aneurysm - Answer-A weakness in the wall of the aorta that makes it susceptible to rupture. Bulges. dissecting aneurysm - Answer-inner layers of the aorta become separated, allowing for blood flow between the layers (hypertension is primary cause) dissecting aneurysm signs/symptoms - Answer-abrupt onset of pain with no additional symptoms, sharp/tearing pain, pain level is maximal from onset and does not abate; pain felt in back, possibly between shoulders; blood pressure discrepancy between arms, decrease in femoral or carotid pulse chest pain + pulse ox of less than 94% - Answer-administer oxygen at 4L/min via nasal cannula worsening of condition - Answer-nonrebreathing mask 15L/min Inadequate breathing or no breathing - Answer-BVM 100% oxygen Pulmonary Edema - Answer-positive pressure ventilation BVM or CPAP CHF breathing assistance with - Answer-CPAP asprin dose - Answer-4 baby asprin, 81mg each, 324 mg total Nitroglycerin contraindication - Answer-ED medicine (viagra, cialis) Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Stroke - Answer-interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the lack of brain function ABC's, high flow O2, continuous talk, fast transport Ischemic stroke - Answer-when blood flow is stopped by a blood clot inside a blood vessel thrombosis or embolus hemorrhagic stroke - Answer-occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures; also known as a bleed Hemorrhagic stroke can be caused by - Answer-high BP over many years, aneurysm transient ischemic attack - Answer-temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain; mini stroke Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale - Answer-Facial droop, arm drift, speech Los AngelesPrehospital Stroke Screen - Answer-facial smile/grimace, arm strength, grip strength