NUR 2502 MULTIDIMENTIONAL CARE EXAM 2.
What do you think are the main contributors to MS trauma ?
o Aging of the nation
o Osteoporosis
o Falls
o Failure to use recommended safety equipment for recreational activities
Fall prevention/home safety
• Hand rails in bathrooms
• Ramps instead of stairs
• Wear rubber sole shoes
• Avoid scatter rugs
• Prevent clutter
• Avoid slippery floors
Health promotion
• Daily sun exposure: 5 minutes per day
• Increase Vitamin D and calcium intake in the diet (dairy products and dark leafy green
vegetables).
• Avoid alcohol.
• Avoid tobacco.
• Limit the intake of carbonated beverages.
• Include weight-bearing exercise at least 3 - 5 times per week.
• Encourage people at high risk to avoid activities that increase jarring, i.e. horseback
riding.
,What systems are affected by immobility?
o Cardiovascular (circulatory)
o Musculoskeletal
o Integumentary
o GI/Nutrition
o Psychological
o Respiratory
What systems are significantly affected by immobility
o Cardiovascular
o GI/Nutrition
o Respiratory
Range of Motion (ROM)
Maximum Movement
Active Range of Motion (AROM)
Independent Joint Movement
Passive Range of Motion (PROM)
Dependent Joint Movement
Body mechanics
Coordinated use of the body to safely transfer clients from place to place. Use lift
equipment to protect the care provider from injury.
Body alignment
Maintaining the body in alignment and balance while maintaining physiological
functioning.
,Balance
When the center of gravity is close to the base of support.
Coordination
Muscles work together to provide purposeful movement.
Flexion
Bending the hinge joint at 90 degrees.
Extension
Straightening the hinge joint to 180 degrees.
Abduction
Moving the joint away from the body.
Adduction
Moving the joint toward the body.
Circumduction
Ball and socket joint in a circular motion.
Internal and external rotation: Turning the palm of the hand toward the ceiling then
toward the floor.
...
Opposition
Touching the thumb to each finger of the hand.
, Hip Replacement Prevention of complications
Abduction pillow: prevents dislocation of a total hip joint replacement especially for a
confused client
Bed positioning (Fowler, high
fowler, supine, prone, etc.)-
o Fowler's- Head of the bed 45 to 60 degrees
o Lateral-Side lying position
o Prone-Lying of the abdomen with head turned to one side
o Sims- Semiprone position
o Supine or dorsal recumbent position- Lying on the back
Purpose of positioning
o Prevent skin breakdown
o Prevent muscle discomfort
o Prevent damage to superficial nerves and blood vessels
o Prevent contractures
Client Transfer Safety
Transfer Board, Mechanical lift, transfer belt, physical therapy, and dangling
Transfer board
is a board that is placed between the client and the surface of the chair the client is
moving toward. The client then slides the lower body from one surface to the other.
Mechanical Lif
A transfer sling is placed under the client and a hydraulic device with belts is attached to
the sling. The client is then lifted and moved to another surface such as a chair.
What do you think are the main contributors to MS trauma ?
o Aging of the nation
o Osteoporosis
o Falls
o Failure to use recommended safety equipment for recreational activities
Fall prevention/home safety
• Hand rails in bathrooms
• Ramps instead of stairs
• Wear rubber sole shoes
• Avoid scatter rugs
• Prevent clutter
• Avoid slippery floors
Health promotion
• Daily sun exposure: 5 minutes per day
• Increase Vitamin D and calcium intake in the diet (dairy products and dark leafy green
vegetables).
• Avoid alcohol.
• Avoid tobacco.
• Limit the intake of carbonated beverages.
• Include weight-bearing exercise at least 3 - 5 times per week.
• Encourage people at high risk to avoid activities that increase jarring, i.e. horseback
riding.
,What systems are affected by immobility?
o Cardiovascular (circulatory)
o Musculoskeletal
o Integumentary
o GI/Nutrition
o Psychological
o Respiratory
What systems are significantly affected by immobility
o Cardiovascular
o GI/Nutrition
o Respiratory
Range of Motion (ROM)
Maximum Movement
Active Range of Motion (AROM)
Independent Joint Movement
Passive Range of Motion (PROM)
Dependent Joint Movement
Body mechanics
Coordinated use of the body to safely transfer clients from place to place. Use lift
equipment to protect the care provider from injury.
Body alignment
Maintaining the body in alignment and balance while maintaining physiological
functioning.
,Balance
When the center of gravity is close to the base of support.
Coordination
Muscles work together to provide purposeful movement.
Flexion
Bending the hinge joint at 90 degrees.
Extension
Straightening the hinge joint to 180 degrees.
Abduction
Moving the joint away from the body.
Adduction
Moving the joint toward the body.
Circumduction
Ball and socket joint in a circular motion.
Internal and external rotation: Turning the palm of the hand toward the ceiling then
toward the floor.
...
Opposition
Touching the thumb to each finger of the hand.
, Hip Replacement Prevention of complications
Abduction pillow: prevents dislocation of a total hip joint replacement especially for a
confused client
Bed positioning (Fowler, high
fowler, supine, prone, etc.)-
o Fowler's- Head of the bed 45 to 60 degrees
o Lateral-Side lying position
o Prone-Lying of the abdomen with head turned to one side
o Sims- Semiprone position
o Supine or dorsal recumbent position- Lying on the back
Purpose of positioning
o Prevent skin breakdown
o Prevent muscle discomfort
o Prevent damage to superficial nerves and blood vessels
o Prevent contractures
Client Transfer Safety
Transfer Board, Mechanical lift, transfer belt, physical therapy, and dangling
Transfer board
is a board that is placed between the client and the surface of the chair the client is
moving toward. The client then slides the lower body from one surface to the other.
Mechanical Lif
A transfer sling is placed under the client and a hydraulic device with belts is attached to
the sling. The client is then lifted and moved to another surface such as a chair.
