MCAT Organic Chemistry (Princeton Review)QUESTION AND ANSWERS

Saturated Correct Answer: -Max number of H atoms attached -Single bonds Saturation Equation Correct Answer: CnH2n+2 Unsaturated Correct Answer: -Double bonds, triple bonds, ring structures Degrees of Unsaturation (DOU) Correct Answer: -DOU = sum of π bonds and rings -1 DOU = 1 π bond or ring Unstable Molecules Correct Answer: -High energy -Reactive with their environment -Shorter lifetimes Stable Molecules Correct Answer: -Low energy -Less reactive with their environment -Longer lifetimes Ideal Bond Angles Correct Answer: 109.5 Ring Strain Correct Answer: -Bond angles < 109.5 -Destabilizes ring -Weakens C-C bonds -Increase reactivity Electronegative Substituents Correct Answer: -Withdraw electron density (oxygen, halogens) Electropositive Substituents Correct Answer: -Donate electron density (alkyl groups) Resonance Stability Correct Answer: -Occurs due to the delocalization of electrons -pos/neg charge or lone pair e- adjacent to π bond Bronsted-Lowry Acids Correct Answer: -Donate H+ and leave behind conjugate base -More stable base = more acidic conjugate acid 4 Factors that affect acid strength by altering conjugate base stability Correct Answer: 1.) Electronegativity 2.) Resonance 3.) Induction Nucleophiles (Nu-) Correct Answer: -Nucleus loving -Electron rich -Full or partial neg. charge -Donates pair of electrons and forms covalent bond -Lewis base