Wgu c785 study guide

Wgu c785 study guidepolymerase chain reaction (PCR) process to copy DNA What is needed to complete PCR Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA Steps of PCR denaturation, annealing, elongation denaturation loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor Annealing cooled to 50c primers stick and want to copy and add DNA polymerase Elongation reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase add nucleotides building a new DNA strand. base excision repair a modified base is first excised and then the entire nucleotide is replaced DNA glycosylase removes damaged DNA DNA polymerase replaces to damaged DNA ligase seals it base excision repair removes one single nucleotide MIsmatch repair The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides. What DNA damage is corrected by mismatch repair errors in replication fixed What occurs when DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA transcription ! DNA polymerase takes the individual nucleotides and matches the them to the parental sequences to ensure a correct pair. It must bind with RNA primer to work. nonsense change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP codon silent mutation A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does not change the amino acid created. Missense a mutation that changes one amino acid What happens during RNA splicing after transcription, the introns are removed and the exons are hooks back together This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :27:26 GMT -06:00 WGU WGU C785 DNA transcriptionthe proccess of copying a section of dna in order to make proteins DNA translation Process by which mRNA is converted into a protein non-template/coding strand its sequence matches the sequence of the RNA that is transcribed from the template strand and codes for a polypeptide complementary strand A strand of DNA or RNA that has complementary bases to another strand of DNA or RNA. For instance, during DNA replication, the new strand that is formed is a complementary strand. (Complementary bases: A-T, C-G) DNA template to mRNA is? transcription ionized alanine It's an Amino acid. Look for the "R" group. Alanine is a hydrophobic amino acid that has CH3 it's a weak interaction. For ionized look for the one with the + or - charge Misfolding of protein structure in Alzheimer's Caused by intracellular tangles and extracellular plaques (senile plaques) caused by abnormal protein aggregation. Tau is fibrous material inside cells with this the connections are lost. This becomes defective and form filaments in the neuron. Amyloid- beta is a large precursor protein in the cell. Excess amyloidbeta is clearly linked to Alzheimer's disease creating senile plaques. Starts in the hippocampus and moves up. Neurodegenerative protein aggregation Alzheimer's disease, the most common neurodegenerative disease. The formation of aggregated amyloidbeta fibers is another characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, but neurodegeneration and memory loss can be detected before amyloid fibers accumulate in the brain. molecular chaperones A protein that helps other proteins fold or refold from a partially denatured state. Primary level of protein structure chain of amino acids, peptide bonds forming a polypeptide chain. Covalent bond, does not denature Secondary level of protein structure alpha helix (coil) and beta-pleated sheet, hydrogen bond, denatured by salt and Ph change, contain carboxyl and amino groups Tertiary level of protein structure side chain interaction, (R-group) - (3D), ex. sickle cell, arthritis, hemophilia. Changes seen with increased temp, salt, change in pH and reducing agents. This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :27:26 GMT -06:00 WGU C785 Quaternary subunit more than one polypeptid