○ In literal English, it is translated as “to hope” and is placed
before any verb.
■ 我希望中国队赢。
I hope that the Chinese team wins.
■ 我希望下个年可以去北京。
I hope that I can go to Beijing next year.
● Future tense with 要
○ To express the future tense in Chinese, one uses 要 (yao4). It is
placed before any verb to indicate “will do something”.
■ 我跟的朋友一起要看电影。
I am going to see a movie together with my friend.
● Modifying nouns with 的
○ It is placed similarly in a sentence as the Japanese equivalent の;
before a noun.
■ 我八岁的姐。
My 8-year-old sister.
■ 我最喜欢的电影。
My favorite movie.
● Duration compounds
○ To indicate the duration of an act, a time phrase should be
placed after the verbal compound, instead of before or after
the subject.
■ 每天我都学习三个小时中文。
I study Chinese for 3 hours every day.
■ 每个星期我都做五小时运动。
Every week, I do 5 hours of sports.
○ Nouns for “hour” and “minute” are herein changed. For
“hour”, 小时 (xiǎoshì) is used, as well as for “minute” 分钟
(fēnzhōng) is used instead of 分. In asking a question, the time
phrase is replaced with the question word 几.
■ 每个星期你都做几小时运动？
How many hours a week do you sport?
Notes Week 03/ Unit 1
● Expressing repetition
○ Structured as: 每+time phrase+我+都
■ Alternative: 我+每+time phrase+都
■ 他每天在大学打篮球。
He plays basketball at school every day.
■ 每年我在德国去滑雪。
, I go skiing every year in Germany.
● Prohibition / “Do not …” with 别
○ In indicating an alternative, one may use 吧 (ba/ let’s).
○ 别 is placed before the verb and is always used in combination
with 了 to accentuate severity.
■ 你别去 AlbertHeijn 了。这个草市的东西很贵！
Do not go to Albert Heijn. Their products are very expensive.
■ 别吃披萨了，我们中国菜吧。
Do not eat pizza, let’s eat Chinese.
● Expressing future plans 打算
○ To express having plans in Mandarin, one uses 打算(dǎsuan) in
combination with any verb. Two structures may include 打算.
■ 这个周末我有打算。要看电影
I have plans this weekend. I will see a movie.
■ 这个周末我打算去看电影。
This weekend I am going to see a movie.
● Chronological orders with 以后
○ It is placed after the activity that is done first, whereafter a
second activity follows.
■ 吃饭以后，我要看电影。
After I eat dinner, I am going to watch a movie.
● Expressing thought and opinion with 觉得
○ This verb is placed before any other verb to indicate “I think”
or “I feel”.
■ 你觉得荷兰那个超市最好玩？
Which supermarket within Holland do you think is the most
fun？
■ 你觉得什么菜最好吃？
What food do you think is the most delicious?
● Giving advice using 应该
○ It is placed before the verb.
■ 你应该坐火车去北京。
You should go to Beijing by train.
■ 你应该吃中国菜。
You should eat Chinese food.
● Quoting using 说
before any verb.
■ 我希望中国队赢。
I hope that the Chinese team wins.
■ 我希望下个年可以去北京。
I hope that I can go to Beijing next year.
● Future tense with 要
○ To express the future tense in Chinese, one uses 要 (yao4). It is
placed before any verb to indicate “will do something”.
■ 我跟的朋友一起要看电影。
I am going to see a movie together with my friend.
● Modifying nouns with 的
○ It is placed similarly in a sentence as the Japanese equivalent の;
before a noun.
■ 我八岁的姐。
My 8-year-old sister.
■ 我最喜欢的电影。
My favorite movie.
● Duration compounds
○ To indicate the duration of an act, a time phrase should be
placed after the verbal compound, instead of before or after
the subject.
■ 每天我都学习三个小时中文。
I study Chinese for 3 hours every day.
■ 每个星期我都做五小时运动。
Every week, I do 5 hours of sports.
○ Nouns for “hour” and “minute” are herein changed. For
“hour”, 小时 (xiǎoshì) is used, as well as for “minute” 分钟
(fēnzhōng) is used instead of 分. In asking a question, the time
phrase is replaced with the question word 几.
■ 每个星期你都做几小时运动？
How many hours a week do you sport?
Notes Week 03/ Unit 1
● Expressing repetition
○ Structured as: 每+time phrase+我+都
■ Alternative: 我+每+time phrase+都
■ 他每天在大学打篮球。
He plays basketball at school every day.
■ 每年我在德国去滑雪。
, I go skiing every year in Germany.
● Prohibition / “Do not …” with 别
○ In indicating an alternative, one may use 吧 (ba/ let’s).
○ 别 is placed before the verb and is always used in combination
with 了 to accentuate severity.
■ 你别去 AlbertHeijn 了。这个草市的东西很贵！
Do not go to Albert Heijn. Their products are very expensive.
■ 别吃披萨了，我们中国菜吧。
Do not eat pizza, let’s eat Chinese.
● Expressing future plans 打算
○ To express having plans in Mandarin, one uses 打算(dǎsuan) in
combination with any verb. Two structures may include 打算.
■ 这个周末我有打算。要看电影
I have plans this weekend. I will see a movie.
■ 这个周末我打算去看电影。
This weekend I am going to see a movie.
● Chronological orders with 以后
○ It is placed after the activity that is done first, whereafter a
second activity follows.
■ 吃饭以后，我要看电影。
After I eat dinner, I am going to watch a movie.
● Expressing thought and opinion with 觉得
○ This verb is placed before any other verb to indicate “I think”
or “I feel”.
■ 你觉得荷兰那个超市最好玩？
Which supermarket within Holland do you think is the most
fun？
■ 你觉得什么菜最好吃？
What food do you think is the most delicious?
● Giving advice using 应该
○ It is placed before the verb.
■ 你应该坐火车去北京。
You should go to Beijing by train.
■ 你应该吃中国菜。
You should eat Chinese food.
● Quoting using 说
