Straighterline US History 1 Final Exam Study Guide With Complete Solutions.

The origins of the majority of human existence in North America began with migrations across an ancient land bridge over the Bering Strait. Prior to European contact, the eastern third of what is today the United States had the most abundant food resources of any region of the continent. The pre-Columbian North American peoples in the Pacific Northwest fished salmon as their principal occupation. Scholars estimate that human migration into the Americas over the Bering Strait occurred approximately 11,000 years ago. Which statement best describes the role of women in pre-Columbian North American tribes? In all tribes, women cared for the children and prepared meals. Native American religions were closely linked to the natural world. The cause of the failure of the Roanoke colony is historically inconclusive. In what way did sixteenth-century Europeans benefit from trade between the Americas and Europe? A large number of new crops became available in Europe. In King Philip's War, Indians made effective use of a relatively new weapon, the flintlock rifle. Captain John Smith helped the Jamestown settlement survive by imposing work and order on the colonists. The New York colony emerged after a struggle between the English and the Dutch. Warfare between Englishmen and Powhatan Indians in Virginia included an Indian attack on Jamestown that killed hundreds of colonists. In the mid-1600s, New England Puritan ministers began preaching against the decline of piety. During the seventeenth century, the Royal African Company of England deliberately restricted the supply of slaves to the North American colonies. The "triangular trade" in the Atlantic dealt with which commodity? rum, sugar, slaves, & molasses The seventeenth-century medical practice of deliberately bleeding a person was based on the belief that a person needed to maintain a balance of different bodily fluids. By 1700, English colonial landowners began to rely more heavily on African slavery in part because of a declining birthrate in England. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, medical practitioners had little or no knowledge of sterilization. During the eighteenth century, rising consumerism in the American colonies was encouraged by increasing class distinctions within society and the association of material possessions with status in the upper class. The verdict of the libel trial of New York publisher John Peter Zenger increased freedom of the press in the colonies. The proportion of all blacks in the colonies living on a plantation of at least ten slaves was over three-fourths. Which of the following statements about slave work is FALSE? Colonial slave codes forbade teaching slaves skilled trades and crafts. In the English colonies, Roman Catholics suffered their greatest persecution in Maryland. The first North American college was Harvard. Which statement regarding colonial higher education is true? Most colleges were founded by religious groups. In colonial New England Puritan communities, women were expected to devote themselves to serving the needs of their husbands and households. By 1776, what proportion of white males were literate in colonial America? more than half The witchcraft trials in Salem saw the original accusers recant their charges. During the third phase of the French and Indian War, British leader William Pitt gradually loosened his tight control over the colonists. In North America during the eighteenth century, the most powerful native group was the Iroquois. In the aftermath of King George's War relations among the English, French, and Iroquois deteriorated. Through the first half of the eighteenth century, the Iroquois Confederacy formed agreements and traded with both France and England at the same time. In North America as a result of the Seven Years' War, England confirmed its commercial supremacy and increased its political control of the settled regions. For most Indians in North America, the British victory in the French and Indian War had disastrous effects on their future. Who among the following lead protests and riots against the Stamp Act? Samuel Adams The Stamp Act of 1765 helped to unite the colonies in opposition to the English government. When George III assumed the throne of England, he was painfully immature. In 1770, the Townshend Duties were ended by Lord North. The Mutiny (or Quartering) Act of 1765 was regarded by objecting colonists as a form of taxation without consent. Many colonists believed the legislation passed by the Grenville ministry in meant the British were trying to take away their tradition of self-government. The British military campaigns of 1777 saw General John Burgoyne suffer a major defeat at Saratoga. In the Battle of Bunker Hill, the British suffered heavy casualties. The author of Common Sense considered the English constitution to be the greatest problem facing the colonists. The principal Americans who negotiated the peace terms with the British were Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay. The core American political ideology of the post-war period considered the success of the new republican governments to be dependent on independent landowners. The Articles of Confederation were finally approved when states gave up their claims to western lands. Post-Revolution American domestic manufacturing was stimulated by the closing of British ports to American trade. The Ordinances of 1784 and 1785 represented an attempt to provide for the admission of new states into the union. Delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 recommended the document be ratified by special state ratifying conventions. Under the "checks and balances" system, federal judges served for life. Under the federal structure first implemented in the Constitution, the people would directly elect members of the House of Representatives. Virginia and New York ratified the new Constitution under the assumption that a bill of rights would be added later, in the form of amendments. Pinckney's Treaty (1795) gave the United States Select one: a. the right to navigate the Mississippi River to its mouth. b. the freedom to use the port at New Orleans. c. a desired fixed northern boundary of Florida. d. assurances that Indians in Florida would be prevented from launching northern raids. e. All these answers are correct. e. All these answers are correct. The "XYZ Affair" led to an undeclared war between the United States and France. Alexander Hamilton's plan for the federal government to assume state debts was passed by Congress after a deal was made to locate the nation's capital between Virginia and Maryland. The Judiciary Act of 1801 was an attempt by Federalists to secure their hold on the courts. Federalists controlled the new government under the Constitution for its first twelve years. During the 1790s, regional support in the United States for Federalists was greatest in the Northeast. Who described the election of 1800 as the "Revolution of 1800"? Thomas Jefferson The message of the Second Great Awakening called for an active and fervent piety. The Second Great Awakening began as an effort by church establishments to revitalize their organizations. Religious skepticism resulted in both the philosophy of "unitarianism" and a wave of revivalism. In 1810, the Non-Intercourse Act expired and was replaced by Macon's Bill No. 2. In the early nineteenth century, many members of Congress considered their state legislatures to be more prestigious political bodies. Under the treaty terms for the Louisiana Purchase, the land boundaries were not clearly defined In 1802, what spurred President Jefferson to seek the building of a river fleet and to give the impression that the United States might ally with Great Britain? a new French regulation restricting the use of the port of New Orleans by American ships The Treaty of Ghent that ended the War of 1812 began an improvement in relations between England and the United States Following the British bombardment of Fort McHenry, Francis Scott Key wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner." During the War of 1812, the United States achieved early military success on the Great Lakes. During the War of 1812, the Battle of the Thames saw Tecumseh killed while serving as a brigadier general in the British army. The Supreme Court ruling in Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) was a victory for corporations. Between 1800 and 1820, the population of the United States nearly doubled. Which of the following statements about American currency and banking in this era is FALSE? The national bank forbade state banks from issuing their own notes. On his last day in office, President James Madison influenced "internal improvements" by vetoing a bill that would have used federal funds to construct roads and canals. Shortly after becoming president, James Monroe undertook a goodwill tour of the country. In the presidential election of 1824, John Q. Adams received the second-most electoral votes and was elected president by the House of Representatives. During the presidential campaign of 1828, Andrew Jackson was labeled a murderer. In the early nineteenth century, the explorer Stephen H. Long agreed with the findings and conclusions of Zebulon Pike. What event prompted Spain to negotiate the sale of Florida to the United States? the Seminole War The policy expressed in the Monroe Doctrine was principally directed at Europe. At the time of the beginning of the slave trade, most Africans had well-developed economies and political systems. Which statement regarding the economic theory of mercantilism is FALSE? It reduced the desire for nations to acquire and maintain colonies. The first permanent English settlement in the New World was established in Jamestown. Which statement about French colonization in the New World is FALSE? The French, like the English, tried to remain separate from native peoples. An encomienda was a license to exact tribute and labor from natives. The English colonial settlements in the Caribbean Concluded it was cheaper to buy new African slaves than to protect those they owned. The initial Jamestown colonists focused primarily on the search for gold. The Fundamental Constitution for the Carolina colony was influenced by the English philosopher John Locke. When the House of Burgesses was created in Virginia in 1619, colonists were given a share of local political representation. The colony established by people seeking to separate from Pennsylvania was Delaware. Which statement regarding the lives of slaves in colonial North America is true? Slave religion was a blend of Christianity and African folk tradition. Which statement about the economy of the northern colonies is true? The economy was more diverse than in the southern colonies. A common form of resistance of enslaved Africans to their condition was running away. Seventeenth-century southern plantations tended to be rough and relatively small After the Bible, the first widely circulated publications in colonial America were almanacs. Saratoga was a significant battle because: It convinced the French to join the American cause The British badly overestimated: The support of loyalists in the south The Tea Act of 1773 Select one: a. followed a few years of relative calm between England and the American colonies. b. lowered the price of tea for American colonists. c. was intended to benefit a private British company. d. provided no new tax on tea. e. All these answers are correct. e. All these answers are correct. The Townshend Duties of 1767 were taxes on what are called external transactions King George's War failed to resolve European conflicts in North America. By the 1750s, American colonial assemblies had claimed the right to levy taxes. In the final phase () of the American Revolution, the British badly overestimated the support of American Loyalists. During the 1780s, most state governments moved to limit popular power Regarding the status of women, the effect of the American Revolution led some women to question their position in society.