Complete Test Bank Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology 6th Edition Mahon Questions & Answers with rationales (Chapter 1-41)

Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology 6th Edition Mahon Test Bank Chapter 01: Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics Mahon: Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, 6th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. To survive, microbial inhabitants have learned to adapt by varying all of the following, except a. growth rate. b. growth in all atmospheric conditions. c. growth at particular temperatures. d. bacterial shape. ANS: D The chapter begins by discussing the way microbial inhabitants have had to evolve to survive in many different niches and habitats. It discusses slow growers, rapid growers, and replication with scarce or abundant nutrients, under different atmospheric conditions, temperature requirements, and cell structure. Bacterial shape as a form of evolution is not discussed. OBJ: Level 2: Interpretation 2. Who was considered the father of protozoology and bacteriology? a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek b. Louis Pasteur c. Carl Landsteiner d. Michael Douglas ANS: A The book discusses Anton van Leeuwenhoek as the inventor of the microscope and the first person to see the “beasties.” So they dubbed him the father of protozoology and bacteriology. The other three individuals wer e not discussed. OBJ: Level 1: Recall 3. Prokaryotic cells have which of the following structures in their cytoplasm? a. Golgi apparatus b. Ribosomes c. Mitochondria d. Endoplasmic reticulum ANS: B All the structures listed are found in eukaryotic cells, but ribosomes are the only ones that apply to prokaryotic cells. OBJ: Level 1: Recall 4. This form of DNA is commonly found in eukaryotic cells. a. Linear b. Circular c. Plasmid d. Colloid ANS: A Circular and plasmid DNA are usually found only in bacteria, not eukaryotic cells. Colloid is a property of protein molecules and is not associated with nucleotides. OBJ: Level 1: Recall 5. The nuclear membrane in prokaryotes is a. missing. b. impenetrable. c. a classic membrane. d. a lipid bilayer membrane. ANS: A Prokaryotic cells do not have any membrane -bound structures in the cytoplasm including a structured nucleus. OBJ: Level 1: Recall 6. A microorganism that is a unicellular organism and lacks a nuclear membrane and true nucleus belongs to which classification? a. Fungi b. Bacteria c. Algae d. Parasite ANS: B Fungi, algae, and parasites are unicellular eukaryotic organisms that contain a true nucleus. Bacteria are prokaryotic anTdEdSoTnBotAcNonKtaSinELa LtruEeRn.uCclOeuMs or nuclear membrane. OBJ: Level 1: Recall 7. In the laboratory, the clinical microbiologist is responsible for all the following, except a. isolating microorganisms. b. selecting treatment for patients. c. identifying microorganisms. d. analyzing bacteria that cause disease. ANS: B Clinical microbiologists do not select the treatment for patients. They provide the doctor with the name of the organism and the antibiotics that can kill the bacteria, but not in the final selection of treatment protocols. OBJ: Level 2: Recall 8. What enables the microbiologist to select the correct media for primary culture and optimize the chance of isolating a pathogenic organism? a. Determining staining characteristics b. Understanding the cell structure and biochemical pathways of an organism c. Understanding the growth requirements of potential pathogens at specific body site d. Knowing the differen ces in cell walls of particular bacteria ANS: C By understanding growth requirements, a microbiologist can maximize the chance of the organism being isolated from a culture. The other three choices are used to identify a bacterium once it has grown on media. OBJ: Level 2: Interpretation 9. A clinical laboratory scientist is working on the bench, reading plates, and notices that a culture has both a unicellular form and a filamentous form. What type of organism exhibits these forms? a. Virus b. Fungi c. Bacteria d. Parasite ANS: B Viruses typically only have one form and would not grow on plate media. Bacteria have two forms: a vegetative cell and spore form. Parasites may have trophozoite, cysts, egg, etc. Fungi are the organism classification that may have both unicellular yeast forms and filamentous hyphal forms in the same culture plate. OBJ: Level 2: Interpretation 10. All of the following statements are true about viruses, except : a. Viruses consist of DNA or RNA but not both. b. Viruses are acellular but are surrounded by a protein coat. c. Viruses can infect bacteria, plants, and animals. d. Viruses do not need host cells to survive and grow. ANS: D Viruses need to have a host cell because they do not have the ability to reproduce or nourish themselves without the host’s cellular mechanisms. OBJ: Level 2: Interpretation 11. Diagnostic microbiologists apply placement and naming of bacterial organisms into all the following categories, except a. order. b. family. c. genus. d. species. ANS: A Clinical microbiologists use the family, genus, and species taxonomic categories to identify specie s that are important for diagnostic diseases. OBJ: Level 1: Recall 12. Bacterial species that exhibit phenotypic differences are considered a. biovarieties. b. serovarieties. c. phagevarieties. d. subspecies. ANS: D Biovarieties vary based on biochemical test results, serovarieties vary based on serologic test results, and phagevarieties is a fictitious word. OBJ: Level 2: Interpretation 13. What structure is described as a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins and sterols that regulates the type and amount of chemicals that pass in and out of a cell? a. Cell wall b. Mitochondria c. Endoplasmic reticulum d. Plasma membrane ANS: D The cell wall is the outer covering made up of lipids. The mitochondria is a cellular organelle that is considered the powerhouse of the cell (electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation occur here). The endoplasmic reticulum is a cellular organelle where protein synthesis occurs. OBJ: Level 1: Recall 14. What makes the interior of the plasma membrane potentially impermeable to water -soluble molecules? a. The hydrophobic tails of the phospholipid molecules are found there. b. The hydrophilic tails of the phospholipid molecules are found there. c. The ion channels are found there. d. The cholesterol molecules in the plasma membrane are found solely in the interior of the membrane. ANS: A The plasma membrane is designed so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecules are positioned to make contact with the intracellular and extracellular fluids. The hydrophobic tails of the phospholipid molecules face away from the fluids and fo rm the interior of the plasma membrane. The tails of the phospholipid molecules are hydrophobic, not hydrophilic. The ion channels extend through the cellular membrane. The cholesterol molecules also extend through the plasma membrane. OBJ: Level 2: Inter pretation 15. The function of a cell wall is to a. regulate the transport of macromolecules in and out of the cell. b. provide rigidity and strength to the exterior of the cell. c. provide reserve energy to the eukaryotic cell. d. protect the eukaryote from predators. ANS: B The plasma membrane regulates the transport of macromolecules in and out of the cell, not the cell wall. The mitochondria provide energy to the eukaryotic cell. Cell walls are not able to protect a eukaryotic cell from predators. OBJ: Level 1: Recall