Test Bank for Structure & Function of the Body 16th Edition Kevin T. Patton & Gary A. Thibodeau ISBN-978-0323597791

Test Bank for Structure & Function of the Body 16th Edition Kevin T. Patton & Gary A. Thibodeau ISBN-978-1Test Bank for Structure & Function of the Body 16th Edition Kevin T. Patton & Gary A. Thibodeau ISBN-978-1 This is a Test Bank that consists of a pool of questions and answers from each chapter of the book to help you with your exams Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 16th Edition Test BankChapter 01: Introduction to the Body MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The word derived from two word parts that mean ―cutting apartǁ is a. physiology b. homeostasis c. anatomy d. dissection ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 3 OBJ: 1 TOP: Introduction 2. The study of how the body functions is called a. physiology b. homeostasis c. anatomy d. dissection ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 3 OBJ: 1 TOP: Introduction 3. The correct sequence of the level of organization is a. cellular, chemical, tissue, organ b. chemical, cellular, tissue, organ c. chemical, cellular, organ, tissue d. chemical, tissue, cellular, organ ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 5 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 4. The smallest living unit of structure is considered to be at the a. chemical level b. cellular level c. organ level d. tissue level ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 6 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 5. The reference position for all body directional terms is the a. anatomical position b. prone position c. supine position d. sitting position ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 6-7 OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomical position 6. The relationship between the knee and the ankle can be described as a. the knee is inferior to the ankle b. the knee is distal to the ankle c. the knee is proximal to the ankle d. both a and b above ANS: C DIF: Application REF: pp. 7-8 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 7. The relationship between the heart and the lungs can be described as a. the heart is distal to the lungs b. the heart is medial to the lungs c. the heart is lateral to the lungs d. both a and c above ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 8. The term most opposite proximal is a. medial b. superior c. anterior d. distal ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 9. Because humans walk in an upright position, the two terms that can be used interchangeably are a. posterior and ventral b. posterior and inferior c. posterior and superficial d. posterior and dorsal ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 10. The term most opposite medial is a. dorsal b. lateral c. superficial d. none of the above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 11. The relationship between the skin and the muscles can be described as a. the skin is superficial to the muscle b. the muscle is superficial to the skin c. the muscle is deep to the skin d. both a and c above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 3 TOP: Anatomical directions 12. A cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions is called a a. sagittal section b. frontal section c. transverse section d. none of the above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 13. A cut dividing the body into upper and lower portions is called a a. sagittal section b. frontal section c. transverse section d. coronal section ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 14. A cut dividing the body into right and left portions is called a a. sagittal section b. frontal section c. transverse section d. coronal section ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 8-9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 15. The mediastinum is part of the a. dorsal cavity b. ventral cavity c. abdominal cavity d. both b and c above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 16. The two major cavities of the body are the a. dorsal and ventral b. thoracic and abdominal c. pleural and mediastinum d. none of the above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 17. The diaphragm divides the a. dorsal from the ventral cavity b. abdominal from the pelvic cavity c. thoracic from the abdominal cavity d. pleural from the mediastinum ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 18. The upper abdominopelvic regions include the a. right and left hypochondriac and umbilical b. right and left lumbar and umbilical c. right and left iliac and epigastric d. right and left hypochondriac and epigastric ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 19. The middle abdominopelvic regions include the a. right and left lumbar and umbilical b. right and left lumbar and epigastric c. right and left iliac and hypogastric d. right and left iliac and umbilical ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 20. The lower abdominopelvic regions include the a. right and left iliac and umbilical b. right and left lumbar and epigastric c. right and left lumbar and hypogastric d. right and left iliac and hypogastric ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 21. The brain is in the a. ventral cavity b. cranial cavity c. mediastinum d. none of the above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 22. The spinal cavity is part of the a. dorsal cavity b. ventral cavity c. cranial cavity d. none of the above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 23. The left upper quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity includes all of the a. left lumbar region b. left iliac region c. left hypochondriac region d. left inguinal region ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 24. Using the maintaining of a constant temperature in a building as an example of a feedback loop, the thermometer would be an example of a(n) a. sensor b. control center c. effector d. positive feedback loop ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 14 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 25. Using the maintaining of a constant temperature in a building as an example of a feedback loop, the furnace would be an example of a(n) a. sensor b. control center c. effector d. positive feedback loop ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 14 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 26. Using the maintaining of a constant temperature in a building as an example of a feedback loop, the thermostat would be an example of a(n) a. sensor b. control center c. effector d. positive feedback loop ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 14 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 27. The abdominopelvic region that can be found in each of the four quadrants is the a. umbilical b. hypogastric c. epigastric d. left iliac ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 28. The lower right abdominopelvic quadrant includes all of the a. right hypochondriac region b. right lumbar region c. right iliac region d. right epigastric region ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 29. An example of a positive feedback loop would be a. maintaining proper body temperature b. forming a blood clot c. uterine contractions during childbirth d. both b and c above ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 30. An example of a negative feedback loop would be a. maintaining proper body temperature b. forming a blood clot c. uterine contractions during childbirth d. both b and c above ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 31. A midsagittal section through the head would divide a. the forehead from the chin b. the nose from the back of the head c. the right eye from the left eye d. none of the above ANS: C DIF: Application REF: pp. 8-9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 32. A transverse section through the head would divide a. the forehead from the chin b. the nose from the back of the head c. the right eye from the left eye d. none of the above ANS: A DIF: Application REF: pp. 8-9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 33. A frontal section through the head would divide a. the forehead from the chin b. the nose from the back of the head c. the right eye from the left eye d. none of the above ANS: B DIF: Application REF: pp. 8-9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 34. If this kind of section were made through the center of the head, both the right and left eyes would be on the same section. a. Coronal section b. Midsagittal section c. Transverse section d. Both a and c above ANS: D DIF: Application REF: pp. 8-9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 35. The relationship between an organ and organ system is similar to the relationship between a cell and a. an organism b. the cellular level of organization c. a tissue d. none of the above ANS: C DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 6 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 36. The heart is an example of this level or organization. a. Tissue b. Organ c. Organ system d. Organism ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 4-5 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 37. Blood vessels are examples of this level or organization. a. Organ system b. Tissue c. Organ d. Cellular ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 4-5 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 38. On a directional rosette, a letter L would stand for a. ―leftǁ if it is opposite the letter R b. ―lateralǁ if it is opposite the letter D c. ―lateralǁ if it is opposite the letter A d. ―lowerǁ if it is opposite the letter U ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 7-8 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 39. Which of the following terms do not refer to a part of the head region? a. Olecranal b. Zygomatic c. Frontal d. All of the above terms refer to parts of the head ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 40. Which of the following is not controlled by a negative feedback loop? a. Body temperature b. Blood oxygen concentration c. Fluid levels of the body d. Blood clot formation ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 41. The organ level of organization contains all of these lower levels. a. The cellular and tissue levels only b. The chemical and tissue levels only c. The chemical, cellular, and tissue levels only d. The chemical, cellular, tissue, and system levels ANS: C DIF: Application REF: pp. 5-6 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 42. This structure physically separates the pelvic cavity from the abdominal cavity. a. Mediastinum b. Diaphragm c. Mesenteries d. None of the above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 43. The lungs are located in the a. thoracic cavity b. mediastinum c. dorsal cavity d. both b and c above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 44. A scientific experiment testing a new drug used two groups, one getting the drug and one getting the sugar pill. The group getting the sugar pill is the a. test group b. hypothesis group c. control group d. observational group ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 45. A scientific experiment testing a new drug used two groups, one getting the drug and one getting a sugar pill. If the two groups had the same result, it would indicate a. the drug was safe and effective b. the drug was ineffective because it did no better than the sugar pill c. the experiment was a failure and no information could be gained d. both b and c ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 46. A scientific experiment testing a new drug used two groups, one getting the drug and one getting a sugar pill. If the group getting the drug did much better than the group with the sugar pill: a. it would indicate that the drug was more effective than the sugar pill b. a theory would be formed c. the control group would be shown to have improved because of the drug d. all of the above ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 47. In the metric system a. a meter is longer than a yard b. a centimeter is longer than an inch c. a nanometer is longer than a micrometer d. all of the above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Metric System 48. If a person lost a little more than 3 pounds on a diet, they would have lost about a. 500 grams b. 1000 grams c. 1500 grams d. 2000 grams ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Metric System 49. The word supine describes a. the body lying face downward b. an anatomical direction c. the reference position of the body d. the body lying face upward ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomical position 50. Which process is used as the principal technique used to isolate and study the structural components or parts of the human body? a. Imaging b. Dissection c. X-rays d. Resection ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 3 OBJ: 1 TRUE/FALSE TOP: Introduction 1. The word dissection is derived from two word parts that mean ―cutting apart.ǁ ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 3 OBJ: 1 TOP: Introduction 2. The cell is the smallest living structural unit of the body. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 6 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 3. An organ is defined as a group of several types of cells working together to perform a specific function. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 6 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 4. The reference position for the directional terms of the body is called the anatomical position. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomical position 5. The prone position is a position in which the body is lying face down. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomical position 6. The prone position is a position in which the body is lying face up. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomical position 7. The supine position is a position in which the body is lying face up. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomical position 8. Superior means toward the head. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 9. Because humans walk upright, superior and superficial mean the same thing. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 10. Anterior and proximal are opposite terms. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 11. Medial and lateral are opposite terms. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 12. Proximal and distal are opposite terms. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 13. Because humans walk upright, inferior and deep mean the same thing. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 14. Because humans walk upright, ventral and anterior mean the same thing. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 15. Because humans walk upright, dorsal and posterior mean the same thing. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 16. The hand is distal to the elbow. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 17. The foot is proximal to the knee. ANS: F DIF: TOP: Anatomical directions Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 18. The nose is superior to the mouth. ANS: T DIF: TOP: Anatomical directions Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 19. The mouth is inferior to the chin. ANS: F DIF: TOP: Anatomical directions Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 20. The big toe is lateral to the little toe. ANS: F DIF: Application TOP: Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 21. The ears are lateral to the nose. ANS: T DIF: Application TOP: Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 22. The heart is medial to the lungs. ANS: T DIF: Application TOP: Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 23. The skin is superficial to the ribs. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 24. The lungs are deep to the ribs. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 25. The bones of the arm are superficial to the muscles of the arm. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 26. The nose is on the anterior side of the body. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 27. The navel is on the dorsal side of the body. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 28. The vertebrae are on the dorsal side of the body. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 29. A sagittal section divides the body into upper and lower parts. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 8-9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 30. A sagittal section divides the body into right and left parts. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 8-9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 31. A frontal section divides the body into front and back parts. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 32. A transverse section divides the body into upper and lower parts. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 33. The two major cavities of the body are the abdominal and thoracic cavities. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 34. The two major cavities of the body are the dorsal and ventral cavities. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 35. The diaphragm divides the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 36. The mediastinum is in both the ventral and thoracic cavities. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 37. The pleural cavity is in both the thoracic and dorsal cavities. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 38. The brain and spinal cord are in the dorsal cavity. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 39. The cranial cavity contains the brain and spinal cord. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 40. The upper abdominopelvic area consists of the right and left hypogastric and the epigastric regions. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 41. The lower abdominopelvic area contains the left iliac region. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 42. The middle abdominopelvic area contains the umbilical region. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 43. The epigastric, umbilical, and left lumbar regions are all in the middle abdominopelvic area. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 44. Homeostasis refers to the relatively constant internal environment the body tries to maintain. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 45. A negative feedback loop is one way the body tries to maintain homeostasis. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 46. The sensor in a feedback loop compares the actual condition to the ―normalǁ condition the body tries to maintain. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 14 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 47. The effector in a negative feedback loop does something to move the regulated condition back to ―normal.ǁ ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 14-15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 48. The sensor in a negative feedback loop detects a change in the regulated condition. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 14-15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 49. In the negative feedback loop, the effector is the link between the sensor and the control center. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 14-15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 50. The formation of a blood clot is an example of a negative feedback loop. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 51. The control of the volume of body fluid is an example of a negative feedback loop. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 52. The regulation of blood pH is an example of a positive feedback loop. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 53. The contraction of the uterus during childbirth is an example of a positive feedback loop. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 54. The arms and legs are part of the axial body portion. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 12 OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 55. The head and trunk are part of the axial body portion. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 12 OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 56. The arms and legs are part of the appendicular body portion. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 12 OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 57. Feedback loops continue to improve throughout life, reaching their peak in late adulthood. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 58. The word organism can be used to describe a living thing. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 3 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 59. A body in a supine position has its dorsal side to the ground. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomical position | Anatomical directions 60. A body in a prone position has its dorsal side to the ground. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 7 OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomical position | Anatomical directions 61. On the compass rosettes in a figure, the letter P opposite the letter D would stand for the word proximal. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 62. The thoracic cavity is divided into two parts, the mediastinum and the dorsal cavity. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 63. The midsagittal and transverse sections, which divide the abdomen into quadrants, intersect at the base of the mediastinum. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Body cavities 64. The diaphragm divides the axial from the appendicular region of the body. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 65. The word leg refers only to the part of the body between the knee and the ankle. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 12 OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 66. Women can have one more body function regulated by a positive feedback loop than men can. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 67. Exercise helps to maintain homeostasis. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16 OBJ: 9 TOP: Health and Well-Being: Exercise Physiology 68. The cell is the simplest level of organization in a living thing. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 6 OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 69. When reading a compass rosette in a figure, the letter L can mean either left or lateral. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 70. When reading a compass rosette in a figure, the letter P opposite the letter D stands for posterior. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 71. The dorsal cavity is a made up of a single cavity containing the brain and spinal cord. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 72. The abdominopelvic region is divided into four quadrants, the left and right lumbar regions on the upper part and the left and right iliac regions on the lower part. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 OBJ: 7 TOP: Body regions 73. The cells in the body live in a water environment that contains dissolved salts and other substances. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 OBJ: 9 TOP: Balance of body functions 74. The terms ophthalmic and orbital both refer to the eye area. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) OBJ: 6 TOP: Descriptive terms for body regions 75. In the scientific method, a hypothesis is based on observation. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 76. The single method used for all scientific investigation is called the scientific method. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 77. An accepted hypothesis must be retested numerous times to become a theory. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 78. If the effects of a drug are being tested by a scientific experiment, two groups would be used: a group that gets the drug and a group that gets an inactive substance. The group that gets the inactive substance is called the control group. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 79. The term atrophy describes a body structure that is at the peak of its efficiency. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 12 OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 80. The term dystrophy describes a degenerative process on a body structure due to lack of use. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 12 OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 81. The study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts is often defined as physiology. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 3 OBJ: 1 TOP: Introduction MATCHING Match each of the following terms with its correct definition. a. Anterior b. Lateral c. Superior d. Medial e. Proximal f. Superficial g. Posterior 1. Toward the head, upper or above 2. Toward the midline of the body 3. In humans, this term means the same as ventral 4. Nearest to the point of origin 5. Toward the back of the body 6. Nearest the surface of the body 7. Toward the side of the body 1. ANS: OBJ: C 5 DIF: TOP: Memorization Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 2. ANS: OBJ: D 5 DIF: TOP: Memorization Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 3. ANS: OBJ: A 5 DIF: TOP: Memorization Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 4. ANS: OBJ: E 5 DIF: TOP: Memorization Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 5. ANS: OBJ: G 5 DIF: TOP: Memorization Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 6. ANS: OBJ: F 5 DIF: TOP: Memorization Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 7. ANS: OBJ: B 5 DIF: TOP: Memorization Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 Match the body region with the correct body part. a. Skull b. Groin c. Chest d. Mouth e. Brachial f. Wrist g. Cephalic h. Antebrachial i. Antecubital j. Cervical k. Axillary l. Femoral m. Lumbar n. Popliteal o. Tarsal p. Plantar 8. Arm 9. Head 10. Cranial 11. Oral 12. Inguinal 13. Thoracic 14. Carpal 15. Sole of the foot 16. Neck 17. Thigh 18. Armpit 19. Depressed area in the front of the elbow 20. Lower back between ribs and pelvis 21. Ankle 22. Forearm 23. Area behind the knee 8. ANS: OBJ: E 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 9. ANS: OBJ: G 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 10. ANS: OBJ: A 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 11. ANS: OBJ: D 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 12. ANS: OBJ: B 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 13. ANS: OBJ: C 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 14. ANS: OBJ: F 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 15. ANS: OBJ: P 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 16. ANS: OBJ: J 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 17. ANS: OBJ: L 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 18. ANS: OBJ: K 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 19. ANS: OBJ: I 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 20. ANS: OBJ: M 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 21. ANS: OBJ: O 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 22. ANS: OBJ: H 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) 23. ANS: OBJ: N 8 DIF: TOP: Memorization Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) Match the term with the correct definition or explanation. a. Hypothesis b. Scientific method c. Theory d. Experimentation e. Control group f. Test group 24. A hypothesis that has been supported by repeated testing and has gained a high level of confidence 25. A systematic approach to discovery 26. A group that does not get what is being tested 27. A reasonable guess based on previous informal observations 28. A process used to test a hypothesis 29. A group that receives what is being tested 24. ANS: OBJ: C 2 DIF: TOP: Memorization Scientific method REF: p. 4 25. ANS: OBJ: B 2 DIF: TOP: Memorization Scientific method REF: p. 4 26. ANS: OBJ: E 2 DIF: TOP: Memorization Scientific method REF: p. 4 27. ANS: OBJ: A 2 DIF: TOP: Memorization Scientific method REF: p. 4 28. ANS: OBJ: D 2 DIF: TOP: Memorization Scientific method REF: p. 4 29. ANS: OBJ: F 2 DIF: TOP: Memorization Scientific method REF: p. 4 ESSAY 1. Explain the concept of homeostasis. Why is this so important to the survival of the body? ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Application REF: pp. 12-14 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 2. Explain a positive feedback loop. Give an example of a positive feedback loop in the body. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Application REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 3. Explain a negative feedback loop. How does a negative feedback loop assist in maintaining homeostasis? ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 4. List and briefly explain the levels of organization in the body. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Structural levels of organization REF: pp. 4-6 OBJ: 3 5. List and briefly explain the process of the scientific method. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Scientific method REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 6. Develop and explain an experiment that tests the hypothesis that people with high levels of vitamin C in their diets have fewer colds than people with low levels of vitamin C in their diets. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Scientific method REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 7. Explain the difference between a hypothesis and a theory. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Application REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 8. Explain how the control group is used to determine the success of the test group and the experiment. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Application REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 9. What is the relationship between a meter and a yard, an inch and a centimeter, and a pound and a gram? ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Application REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Metric System 10. Describe anatomical position. Explain the terms supine and prone. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical position REF: p. 7 OBJ: 4 11. Name and explain the 10 anatomical directions. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical directions OBJ: 5 12. Name and describe the three planes or body sections. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 8-9 TOP: Planes or body sections OBJ: 5 13. Describe the parts of the ventral body cavity. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 TOP: Body cavities OBJ: 6 14. Describe the parts of the dorsal cavity and explain what each part contains. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Body cavities REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 15. What makes up the axial portion of the body? What makes up the appendicular portion of the body? ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions Chapter 02: Chemistry of Life MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is not a subatomic particle that makes up the atom? a. Ion b. Proton c. Neutron d. Electron ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 2. The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of a. electrons b. neutrons c. protons d. both b and c above ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 3. The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the number of a. electrons b. neutrons c. protons d. both b and c above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 4. This subatomic particle is found in the nucleus of the atom. a. Electron b. Neutron c. Proton d. Both b and c above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 5. This subatomic particle is found in orbitals around the nucleus of the atom. a. Electron b. Neutron c. Proton d. Both b and c above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 6. This is not a characteristic of a proton: a. contributes to the atom’s atomic number b. contributes to the atom’s atomic mass c. is located in the nucleus of the atom d. carries a negative electrical charge ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 7. This is not a characteristic of a neutron: a. contributes to the atom’s atomic number b. contributes to the atom’s atomic mass c. is located in the nucleus of the atom d. has no electrical charge ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 8. This is not a characteristic of an electron: a. is in an orbital around the nucleus of the atom b. has a negative electrical charge c. contributes to the atom’s atomic number d. all of the above are characteristics of an electron ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 9. A particular atom has 16 protons, 17 neutrons, and 16 electrons. The atomic number of this atom is a. 49 b. 32 c. 33 d. 16 ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 10. A particular atom has 16 protons, 17 neutrons, and 16 electrons. The atomic mass of this atom is a. 49 b. 32 c. 33 d. 16 ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 11. The second energy level of an atom a. has four orbitals b. can hold eight electrons c. is a lower energy level then the first energy level d. both a and b above ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 24 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 12. Compounds are a. pure substances b. made up of only one type of atom c. made up of two or more different types of atoms d. both a and b above ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 13. The formula for oxygen gas is O2; this means it is a. made up of two atoms of oxygen b. a molecule c. a compound d. both a and b above ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 14. If an atom had 20 protons and 18 electrons, it would a. have a negative 2 charge b. have a plus 2 charge c. be attracted to a positively charged ion d. both a and c above ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds 15. Ionic bonds: a. usually dissolve easily in water b. produced ions when dissolved in water c. are formed by atoms of opposite charge d. all of the above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds 16. Covalent bonds a. dissociate in water b. are formed when electrons are shared between atoms c. are formed by atoms of opposite charge d. both a and c above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 25-26 OBJ: 3 TOP: Covalent bonds 17. Organic compounds must contain a. oxygen b. carbon–oxygen bonds c. hydrogen–oxygen bonds d. none of the above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 4 TOP: Inorganic chemistry 18. Which of the following is not true of water? a. Water is the most abundant organic compound in the body. b. Water is found both in and around the cells of the body. c. Water is the solvent in which most other compounds are dissolved. d. All of the above are true of water. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 19. In a dehydration synthesis reaction: a. water is a reactant b. water is a product c. a large molecule is broken down into a smaller one d. both a and c above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 20. In a dehydration synthesis reaction: a. hydrogen and oxygen are removed from the reactants b. water is added to the reactants c. water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen d. both a and c above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 21. In a hydrolysis reaction: a. water is a product b. water is a reactant c. water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen d. the product is larger than either reactant ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 22. Which of the following statements is true? a. The process of hydrolysis is used to build a larger molecule from smaller molecules. b. Water is an end product of a hydrolysis reaction. c. The process of dehydration synthesis is used to build a larger molecule from smaller molecules. d. Water is a reactant in a dehydration synthesis reaction. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 23. Which is not true of the following chemical equation? K+ + Cl– ® KCl a. The equation indicates that there are two reactants. b. The equation indicates that there is one product. c. The equation indicates that the reaction occurs in both directions equally. d. All of the above are true. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 OBJ: 4 TOP: Inorganic chemistry 24. An acid a. has a pH greater than 7 b. has a pH less than 7 c. has more OH– ions than H+ ions in solution d. both a and c above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 25. A base a. has a pH greater than 7 b. has a pH less than 7 c. has more OH– ions than H+ ions in solution d. both a and c above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 26. A solution with a pH of 6 a. is an acid b. is a base c. has 10 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 5 d. both a and c above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 27. A solution with a pH of 11 a. is an acid b. is a base c. has 10 times more OH– ions than a solution with a pH of 10 d. both b and c above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 28. When the body removes CO2 by way of the respiratory system a. it lowers the pH of the blood b. it raises the pH of the blood c. it has no effect on pH because CO2 is neither an acid nor a base d. it is acting as a buffer ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 29 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 29. If a strong acid were added to one container of pure water and an equal amount of a weak acid were added to a second container of pure water: a. the pH of both containers would go up equally b. the pH of both containers would go down equally c. the pH of the container with the strong acid would go up more than the container with the weak acid d. none of the above ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 30. Which of the following is a monosaccharide? a. Glucose b. Sucrose c. Lactose d. Glucagon ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 31. Which of the following is a disaccharide? a. Glucose b. Sucrose c. Starch d. Glycogen ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 32. Which of the following is a polysaccharide? a. Glucose b. Lactose c. Sucrose d. Glycogen ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 33. Liver cells and muscle cells are able to store chains of glucose in a molecule called a. glycogen b. polyglucose c. sucrose d. lactose ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 34. Which of the following is not true of triglycerides? a. A part of the molecule attracts water. b. The molecule contains three fatty acids. c. The molecule contains glycerol. d. Triglycerides are used by the body to store energy. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 35. Which of the following is not true of phospholipids? a. The molecule contains three fatty acids. b. The molecule has a water-attracting part. c. The molecule has a water-repelling part. d. It is important in the structure of the cell membrane. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 36. Which of the following is not true of cholesterol? a. It is a steroid lipid. b. It helps stabilize the cell membrane. c. It contains only two fatty acids. d. It is the starting point for making the hormone estrogen. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 37. This lipid can be found in the cell membrane a. triglycerides b. phospholipids c. cholesterol d. both b and c above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids 38. Which of the following is a structural protein? a. Hormones b. Collagen c. Growth factor d. Enzymes ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Proteins 39. The ―lock and keyǁ model is use to describe the functioning of a. enzymes b. collagen molecules c. keratin molecules d. both a and c above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Proteins 40. Which of the following is not true of enzymes? a. They function on the lock and key model. b. They are functional proteins. c. They are catalysts. d. All of the above are true of enzymes. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Proteins