2022
INC4803 2022 ASSIGNMENT MEMORANDUM
ASSIGNMENT 01
QUESTION 1
Communication refers to both verbal and non-verbal means of conveying
messages/information. Critically discuss alternative modes, means and formats of
communication that persons with disabilities can employ when communicating.
Please concentrate only on the modes of communication
MODES OF COMMUNICATION
• Interpersonal
Interpersonal communication is the process by which people exchange information
through verbal and nonverbal messages. It is an unmediated mode of communication
that occurs when we interact and attempt to mutually influence each other,
simultaneously, in order to manage relationships. Although interpersonal communication
can encompass oral, written, and non-verbal forms of communication, the term is usually
applied to spoken communication that takes place between two or more individuals on a
personal or face to face level. This form of communication is normally spontaneous but
meaningful at the same time.
Examples of Interpersonal Communication include:
• Personal Interview
• Telephonic Conversations
• Interactive Sessions
• Debates
,2
• E-mails
• Text Messages
Interpretive communication
Interpretive communication is also referred to as the “one-way communication”, in this
mode, the information conveyed by the sender is interpreted by the receiver in its
original form. The receiver must understand the message in both written and spoken
form keeping various aspects in mind. For example, in a class, the learners may not
understand every word said by the teacher but are expected to understand the main
essence of the topic.
Main feathers of Interpretative Communication are as follows:
Learners understand, interpret, and analyse what is heard, read, or viewed on a variety
of topics.
This mode of communication involves interpreting the author or producer’s intent.
There is no alternative to the active negotiation of meaning with the writer, speaker, or
the producer.
Examples of Interpretive Communication include:
▪ Reading of authentic texts (websites, stories and other literature, articles, signs)
▪ Listening to speeches, messages, songs, radio news
▪ Viewing of videos, movies, presentations, TV shows, commercials, news
• Presentational
Presentational Communication is another type of one-way communication, this facilitates
interpretation by members of another group where no direct opportunity for the active
negotiation between members of the two groups exists.
With this mode of communication, a person is speaking to an audience that can be
rehearsed, pre-prepared, or scripted.
Some of the main features of Presentational Communication are as follow:
To ensure the intended audience is successful in its interpretation, the “presenter” needs
knowledge of the audience’s language and culture.
,3
No direct opportunity for engaging with larger audience exists in this form of
communication.
Examples of presentational communication:
▪ Writing of messages, articles, advertisements, short stories, reports, scripts,
PowerPoint presentations)
▪ Telling a story, giving a speech, TV or radio news
QUESTION 2
MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
Modern methods of communication include the internet, information communication
technologies and fax machines. The internet is the worldwide network (WWW) of
computer links which allows computer users to connect with computers all over the
world. It also offers an e-mail facility, which allows people with computers to
communicate – regardless of where they are in the world. The internet has made it
possible to communicate to anywhere in the world within seconds.
Through the internet one can acquire or share valuable information. The internet takes
us to the world and brings the world to our doorsteps. The telephone is a communication
device to send and receive messages at the same time. It has changed human beings’
lives tremendously. Through the telephone, communication can take place in different
cities and countries. Of late, mobile phones are common. They help us to communicate
anywhere and at any time. There are instances where communication has to take place
with a large number of people at a time.
Newspapers, magazines, books, radio, television, cinema and so forth are the best
means of mass communication.
Radio allows people to send and receive important messages. School lessons and
lectures are also broadcast and listened to. The radio accommodates both the literate
and illiterate. Cinema is not used for entertainment only. Knowledge and education can
be spread via cinema, through documentaries. As such, people will be entertained,
educated and well-informed. Television informs, entertains and educates us in our
homes. We can watch events of national and international interest live on television.
Satellites
, 4
are also a means of communication. They are in space to pick up signals from any place
and relay those signals to other places. It is now possible for radio,
telephone,
television and other information communication technologies to transmit and receive
signals from around the world through satellites.
QUESTION 3
FORMATS OF COMMUNICATION
There are four main categories or communication styles, including verbal,
nonverbal, written, and visual.
● Verbal
Verbal communication occurs when we connect in speaking with or encaging in sign
language with others. It can be face-to-face, over the telephone, via Skype etc. Some
verbal actions are casual, such as chatting with a friend in the office, while others are
more formal, such as a planned meeting. Regardless of the kind, it is not just about the
words, it is also about the quality and difficulty of those words, how we cord those words
jointly to create an overarching message, as well as the modulation used while
speaking.
Verbal communication is important because it is efficient. It can be helpful to support
verbal communication with both nonverbal and written communication.
Here are a few steps you can take to develop your verbal communication skills:
▪ Have a firm, confident speaking voice. This is especially important when presenting
information to a group of people, be sure to use a strong voice so that everyone can
easily hear you. Speak with confidence so that your ideas are clear and easy for others
to understand.
▪ Listen attentively as this as important as relaying your message. Active listening skills
are key when conducting a meeting, presentation or even when participating in a
conversation. Doing so will help you grow as a communicator.
▪ Do not make use of filler words, especially during a presentation, to use filler words
such as “um,” “like,” “so” or “yeah”. These filler words might cause a distraction to your
audience.
INC4803 2022 ASSIGNMENT MEMORANDUM
ASSIGNMENT 01
QUESTION 1
Communication refers to both verbal and non-verbal means of conveying
messages/information. Critically discuss alternative modes, means and formats of
communication that persons with disabilities can employ when communicating.
Please concentrate only on the modes of communication
MODES OF COMMUNICATION
• Interpersonal
Interpersonal communication is the process by which people exchange information
through verbal and nonverbal messages. It is an unmediated mode of communication
that occurs when we interact and attempt to mutually influence each other,
simultaneously, in order to manage relationships. Although interpersonal communication
can encompass oral, written, and non-verbal forms of communication, the term is usually
applied to spoken communication that takes place between two or more individuals on a
personal or face to face level. This form of communication is normally spontaneous but
meaningful at the same time.
Examples of Interpersonal Communication include:
• Personal Interview
• Telephonic Conversations
• Interactive Sessions
• Debates
,2
• E-mails
• Text Messages
Interpretive communication
Interpretive communication is also referred to as the “one-way communication”, in this
mode, the information conveyed by the sender is interpreted by the receiver in its
original form. The receiver must understand the message in both written and spoken
form keeping various aspects in mind. For example, in a class, the learners may not
understand every word said by the teacher but are expected to understand the main
essence of the topic.
Main feathers of Interpretative Communication are as follows:
Learners understand, interpret, and analyse what is heard, read, or viewed on a variety
of topics.
This mode of communication involves interpreting the author or producer’s intent.
There is no alternative to the active negotiation of meaning with the writer, speaker, or
the producer.
Examples of Interpretive Communication include:
▪ Reading of authentic texts (websites, stories and other literature, articles, signs)
▪ Listening to speeches, messages, songs, radio news
▪ Viewing of videos, movies, presentations, TV shows, commercials, news
• Presentational
Presentational Communication is another type of one-way communication, this facilitates
interpretation by members of another group where no direct opportunity for the active
negotiation between members of the two groups exists.
With this mode of communication, a person is speaking to an audience that can be
rehearsed, pre-prepared, or scripted.
Some of the main features of Presentational Communication are as follow:
To ensure the intended audience is successful in its interpretation, the “presenter” needs
knowledge of the audience’s language and culture.
,3
No direct opportunity for engaging with larger audience exists in this form of
communication.
Examples of presentational communication:
▪ Writing of messages, articles, advertisements, short stories, reports, scripts,
PowerPoint presentations)
▪ Telling a story, giving a speech, TV or radio news
QUESTION 2
MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
Modern methods of communication include the internet, information communication
technologies and fax machines. The internet is the worldwide network (WWW) of
computer links which allows computer users to connect with computers all over the
world. It also offers an e-mail facility, which allows people with computers to
communicate – regardless of where they are in the world. The internet has made it
possible to communicate to anywhere in the world within seconds.
Through the internet one can acquire or share valuable information. The internet takes
us to the world and brings the world to our doorsteps. The telephone is a communication
device to send and receive messages at the same time. It has changed human beings’
lives tremendously. Through the telephone, communication can take place in different
cities and countries. Of late, mobile phones are common. They help us to communicate
anywhere and at any time. There are instances where communication has to take place
with a large number of people at a time.
Newspapers, magazines, books, radio, television, cinema and so forth are the best
means of mass communication.
Radio allows people to send and receive important messages. School lessons and
lectures are also broadcast and listened to. The radio accommodates both the literate
and illiterate. Cinema is not used for entertainment only. Knowledge and education can
be spread via cinema, through documentaries. As such, people will be entertained,
educated and well-informed. Television informs, entertains and educates us in our
homes. We can watch events of national and international interest live on television.
Satellites
, 4
are also a means of communication. They are in space to pick up signals from any place
and relay those signals to other places. It is now possible for radio,
telephone,
television and other information communication technologies to transmit and receive
signals from around the world through satellites.
QUESTION 3
FORMATS OF COMMUNICATION
There are four main categories or communication styles, including verbal,
nonverbal, written, and visual.
● Verbal
Verbal communication occurs when we connect in speaking with or encaging in sign
language with others. It can be face-to-face, over the telephone, via Skype etc. Some
verbal actions are casual, such as chatting with a friend in the office, while others are
more formal, such as a planned meeting. Regardless of the kind, it is not just about the
words, it is also about the quality and difficulty of those words, how we cord those words
jointly to create an overarching message, as well as the modulation used while
speaking.
Verbal communication is important because it is efficient. It can be helpful to support
verbal communication with both nonverbal and written communication.
Here are a few steps you can take to develop your verbal communication skills:
▪ Have a firm, confident speaking voice. This is especially important when presenting
information to a group of people, be sure to use a strong voice so that everyone can
easily hear you. Speak with confidence so that your ideas are clear and easy for others
to understand.
▪ Listen attentively as this as important as relaying your message. Active listening skills
are key when conducting a meeting, presentation or even when participating in a
conversation. Doing so will help you grow as a communicator.
▪ Do not make use of filler words, especially during a presentation, to use filler words
such as “um,” “like,” “so” or “yeah”. These filler words might cause a distraction to your
audience.
