PSY 341 Exam 1 Review Test Submission: Exam 1 completed with all correct answers

PSY 341 Exam 1 Review Test Submission: Exam 1 completed with all correct answers PSY 341 Exam 1 Review Test Submission: Exam 1 • Question 1 2 out of 2 points Developmental science is a field of study devoted to Selected Answer: Understanding constancy and change throughout the lifespan. Answers: Proving contemporary theories of development. Understanding abnormal development in children and adolescents. understanding constancy and change throughout the lifespan. identifying genetic contributions to disease and illness. • Question 2 2 out of 2 points Theories are vital tools for developmental researchers because they Selected Answer: provide organizing frameworks for our observations of people. Answers: ensure proper use of research procedures. illustrate the ultimate truth regarding human behavior. provide organizing frameworks for our observations of people. do not require scientific verification. • Question 3 2 out of 2 points Jackson, a professional baseball player, is convinced that his two sons will both be outstanding athletes. Jackson probably believes that athletic ability is mostly determined by Selected Answer: Nature. Answers: Nurture. Stages. Early experiences. nature. • Question 4 2 out of 2 points Theorists who believe that change is possible and even likely if new experiences support it emphasize Selected Answer: plasticity. Answers: stages. plasticity. nature. stability. • Question 5 2 out of 2 points In the lifespan perspective, every age period of human development Selected Answer: has its own agenda and its unique demands and opportunities that yield some similarities in development across many individuals. Answers: has its own agenda and its unique demands and opportunities that yield some similarities in development across many individuals. is met with a significant crisis that must be overcome prior to moving on to the next age period. is unidirectional and marked by improved performance. has a greater impact on the life course than the previous age period. • Question 6 2 out of 2 points History-graded influences explain why ___________ tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from people born at other times. Selected Answer: cohorts Answers: siblings coworkers cohorts friends • Question 7 2 out of 2 points Research on the baby boomers showed that starting in the mid-sixties, Selected Answer: marriage rates declined, age of first marriage rose, and divorce rates increased. Answers: marriage rates declined, age of first marriage rose, and divorce rates increased. marriage rates increased, age of first marriage declined, and divorce rates stabilized. fewer young people entered college in favor or marriage and parenthood. young adults experienced higher rates of unemployment and financial insecurity than in previous generations. • Question 8 0 out of 2 points According to Sigmund Freud, the Selected Answer: superego is the conscious, rational part of personality. Answers: ego develops through interactions with parents. superego is the conscious, rational part of personality. ego is the largest portion of the mind. id is the source of basic biological needs and desires. • Question 9 2 out of 2 points In classical conditioning, Selected Answer: a neutral stimulus is paired with another stimulus that produces a reflexive response. Answers: a neutral stimulus is paired with another stimulus that produces a reflexive response. an innate reflex is extinguished. unconscious impulses and drives support healthy development. a reflexive response is paired with a new stimulus that produces a nonreflexive response. • Question 10 2 out of 2 points Albert Bandura is unique among behaviorists because he Selected Answer: emphasized cognition and granted people an active role in their own learning. Answers: combined psychoanalytic principles with operant conditioning theory. emphasized cognition and granted people an active role in their own learning. emphasized the role of the unconscious on people's learning. emphasized the importance of early child-rearing experiences. • Question 11 2 out of 2 points A genotype is a Selected Answer: complex blend of genetic information that determines the species and influences unique characteristics. Answers: physical or behavioral characteristic, determined both by environmental and genetic factors. directly observable characteristic. rodlike structure in the cell nucleus that transmits genetic information. complex blend of genetic information that determines the species and influences unique characteristics. • Question 12 2 out of 2 points The sex of a baby is determined by whether Selected Answer: an X-bearing or a Y-bearing sperm fertilizes the ovum. Answers: the X and Y chromosomes separate into sperm cells or ovum. an X-bearing or a Y-bearing sperm fertilizes the ovum. the sperm fertilizes an X-bearing or a Y-bearing egg. the ovum is carrying an X chromosome or a Y chromosome. • Question 13 2 out of 2 points Which of the following countries has a higher teenage birthrate? Selected Answer: the United States Answers: the United States Australia Czech Republic Poland • Question 14 2 out of 2 points Angela, a cooperative and attentive child, receives more patient and sensitive interactions from her parents than Carlos, who is inattentive and hyper. This is an example of a(n) __________ genetic-environmental correlation. Selected Answer: evocative Answers: active evocative dynamic passive • Question 15 2 out of 2 points __________ is/are a major cause of the dramatic rise in multiple births in recent decades. Selected Answer: Fertility drugs Answers: Prescription drug use during pregnancy Low maternal weight gain Young maternal age Fertility drugs • Question 16 0 out of 2 points Children conceived through in vitro fertilization Selected Answer: tend to be less well-adjusted than their naturally conceived counterparts. Answers: may be genetically unrelated to both of their parents. tend to develop insecure attachments to their parents during infancy. cannot be born to postmenopausal women. tend to be less well-adjusted than their naturally conceived counterparts. • Question 17 2 out of 2 points Through _____________, individuals tend to actively choose environments that complement their heredity. Selected Answer: niche-picking Answers: passive genetic-environmental correlation niche-picking evocative genetic-environmental correlation range of reaction • Question 18 2 out of 2 points Development is best understood as Selected Answer: a series of complex exchanges between nature and nurture. Answers: genetically determined. environmentally influenced. a series of complex exchanges between nature and nurture. an unsolvable puzzle. • Question 19 2 out of 2 points Which of the following countries has a higher teenage birthrate? Selected Answer: the United States Answers: the United States Australia Czech Republic Poland • Question 20 2 out of 2 points Angela, a cooperative and attentive child, receives more patient and sensitive interactions from her parents than Carlos, who is inattentive and hyper. This is an example of a(n) __________ genetic-environmental correlation. Selected Answer: evocative Answers: active evocative dynamic passive • Question 21 2 out of 2 points The male produces an average of __________ sperm a day, yet only __________ reach the ovum. Selected Answer: 300 million; 300 to 500 Answers: 1 million; 10 to 50 300 million; 300 to 500 300 to 500; 1 to 10 1 million; 300 to 500 • Question 22 2 out of 2 points By the middle of the second trimester, the Selected Answer: new being has grown large enough that the mother can feel its movements. Answers: new being has grown large enough that the mother can feel its movements. development of the cerebral cortex is nearly complete. fetus is viable. production of glial cells is nearly complete. • Question 23 2 out of 2 points A baby born between the seventh and eighth month of pregnancy Selected Answer: usually needs oxygen assistance to breathe. Answers: is just as healthy as a baby born in the ninth month. usually needs oxygen assistance to breathe. only has about a 10 percent survival rate. is considered small-for-date. • Question 24 2 out of 2 points High levels of prenatal lead exposure are related to Selected Answer: prematurity, low birth weight, and brain damage. Answers: deformities of the gums and nails. difficulty in chewing and swallowing. breast and uterine cancers in women. prematurity, low birth weight, and brain damage. • Question 25 2 out of 2 points HIV-infected expectant mothers pass the deadly virus to the developing organism _______ percent of the time. Selected Answer: 20 to 30 Answers: 10 to 20 20 to 30 40 to 50 80 to 90 • Question 26 2 out of 2 points Critics worry that fetal monitoring Selected Answer: identifies babies as in danger who, in fact, are not. Answers: should not be used because it is a risky procedure. is not helpful in detecting hidden problems with the baby. identifies babies as in danger who, in fact, are not. increases the likelihood of infant brain damage. • Question 27 2 out of 2 points ___________, drugs used to relieve pain, may be given in mild doses during labor to help a mother relax. Selected Answer: Analgesics Answers: Anesthetics Analgesics Spinal blocks Folic acids • Question 28 2 out of 2 points A type of painkiller, _____________ actually block sensations. Selected Answer: anesthetics Answers: anesthetics analgesics folic acids pitocins • Question 29 2 out of 2 points Early medical records of SIDS babies reveal Selected Answer: higher rates of prematurity and low birth weight, poor Apgar scores, and limp muscle tone. Answers: a family history of chromosomal abnormalities. higher rates of prematurity and low birth weight, poor Apgar scores, and limp muscle tone. they were born after their due date and had higher than average birth weights. they often cried or whimpered in their sleep. • Question 30 2 out of 2 points Parents can reduce the likelihood of SIDS by Selected Answer: placing infants to sleep on their backs. Answers: tightly swaddling their infants during sleep. making sure their infants do not have pacifiers when sleeping. placing infants to sleep on their backs. adding pillows and blankets in the cribs. • Question 31 2 out of 2 points By 2 years of age, a typical toddler's height is ______ percent greater than at birth and birth weight has __________. Selected Answer: 75; quadrupled Answers: 50; doubled 75; quadrupled 75; tripled 50; tripled • Question 32 2 out of 2 points Maggi is concerned because her 8-month-old daughter has gained 10 pounds since birth and has transformed into a round, plump baby. You can assure Maggi that her daughter's rise in "baby fat" Selected Answer: helps her keep a constant body temperature. Answers: insulates her brittle bones until proper cartilage is formed. is a trend that will continue into middle childhood. serves to strengthen her muscles. helps her keep a constant body temperature. • Question 33 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is true about the cerebral cortex? Selected Answer: It is sensitive to environmental influences for a longer period than any other part of the brain. Answers: It is the first brain structure to stop growing. It is sensitive to environmental influences for a longer period than any other part of the brain. It is the smallest, but most important, brain structure. It is surrounded by the rest of the brain. • Question 34 2 out of 2 points The cortical regions with the most extended period of development are responsible for Selected Answer: thought. Answers: receiving sensory information. movement. thought. language development. • Question 35 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is true about the frontal lobes? Selected Answer: They are responsible for consciousness and integration of information. Answers: They are responsible for auditory development. Before 2 months of age, the frontal lobes function most effectively. The frontal lobes reach an adult level by the preschool years. They are responsible for consciousness and integration of information. • Question 36 2 out of 2 points For most people, the left hemisphere of the brain is largely responsible for __________ and the right hemisphere handles _____________. Selected Answer: verbal abilities and positive emotion; spatial abilities and negative emotion Answers: information processing and abstract reasoning; complex motor skills and moral reasoning spatial abilities and negative emotion; verbal abilities and positive emotion verbal abilities and positive emotion; spatial abilities and negative emotion verbal and spatial abilities; positive and negative emotion • Question 37 2 out of 2 points The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until age ______, with solid foods added at ______. Selected Answer: 2 years; 6 months Answers: 6 months; 4 months 1 year; 6 months 2 years; 6 months 1 year; 4 months • Question 38 2 out of 2 points Breastfeeding for just a few weeks Selected Answer: offers some protection against respiratory and intestinal infections. Answers: is a reliable method of birth control. can lead to later obesity. is not helpful because, in the beginning, breastfeeding causes constipation. offers some protection against respiratory and intestinal infections. • Question 39 2 out of 2 points At 16 months, Brynn is in Piaget's ___________ stage of cognitive development. Selected Answer: sensorimotor Answers: formal operational concrete operational preoperational sensorimotor • Question 40 2 out of 2 points Piaget believed that infants and toddlers Selected Answer: "think" with their eyes, ears, and hands. Answers: carry out many activities inside their heads. "think" with their eyes, ears, and hands. assimilate more than they accommodate. do not yet construct schemes. • Question 41 2 out of 2 points Our most powerful mental representations include ________ and _________. Selected Answer: images; concepts Answers: images; imitation imitation; concepts images; concepts habituation; imitation • Question 42 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is true about infantile amnesia? Selected Answer: Most older children and adults cannot retrieve events that happened before age 3. Answers: Infantile amnesia is more common in females than males. Most older children and adults cannot retrieve events that happened before age 3. Infants' memory processing is fundamentally different from that of adults. During the first few years, children remember largely with verbal techniques. • Question 43 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is true about the role of psychoanalytic theory in modern human development research? Selected Answer: One of the lasting contributions of psychoanalytic theory is its ability to capture the essence of personality during each period of development. Answers: Psychosexual theory, which emphasizes that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years, is a mainstream of current research. One of the lasting contributions of psychoanalytic theory is its ability to capture the essence of personality during each period of development. Psychoanalytic theorists' emphasis on the importance of experiences beyond infancy and early childhood is still largely accepted. Psychoanalytic theory has cross-cultural implications because researchers have studied individuals from all over the world. • Question 44 2 out of 2 points In Erikson's theory, the psychological conflict of basic trust versus mistrust is resolved on the positive side when Selected Answer: the balance of care is sympathetic and loving. Answers: the balance of care is sympathetic and loving. toddlers are successfully toilet trained. hunger is consistently satisfied. the parents are perfectly in tune with their baby's needs. • Question 45 2 out of 2 points By age 6 months, babies of depressed mothers tend to Selected Answer: show delays in development, an irritable mood, and attachment difficulties. Answers: develop resilience against inadequate caregiving. show delays in development, an irritable mood, and attachment difficulties. develop a secure attachment to their father or another caregiver. show high rates of empathy to others' distress. • Question 46 2 out of 2 points About _______ percent of new fathers report symptoms of depression after the birth of a child. Selected Answer: 3 to 5 Answers: 1 to 2 3 to 5 6 to 8 10 to 12 • Question 47 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is true about paternal depression? Selected Answer: Paternal depression is linked to frequent father-child conflict as children grow older. Answers: Paternal depression is linked to frequent father-child conflict as children grow older. It rarely has a lasting impact on the infant, unless it persists for more than a year. Most fathers with depression require long-term treatment for a full recovery. Early treatment is quite effective for maternal, but not paternal, depression. • Question 48 2 out of 2 points Infants use __________ by actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation. Selected Answer: social referencing Answers: self-control an internal working model emotional self-regulation social referencing • Question 49 0 out of 2 points Effortful control is Selected Answer: unrelated to self-regulation. Answers: considered a major dimension of temperament. present at birth. unrelated to self-regulation. an involuntary emotional reaction. • Question 50 2 out of 2 points Temperament is assessed through Selected Answer: parental reports and observations. Answers: self-report. parental reports and observations. delay-of-gratification tasks. the Strange Situation. Sunday, June 8, 2014 8:31:37 PM MST