1. Intro.
Apparatus
Ethanol
Ethanoic acid
Anti bumping granules
Sulfuric acid
Round bottomed flask 50cm3
Electric mantle
Reflux equipment
10cm3 measuring cylinder
2cm3 measuring cylinder
Rubber tubing
Flowing water supply
20cm3 measuring cylinder
Bungs
5cm3 measuring cylinder
Separating funnel
Beakers
Anhydrous magnesium
Conical flask
Timer
Glass thermometer
Method
For making the ethyl ethanoate
1. 15cm3 of ethanol was added to a 50cm3 round-bottomed flask, and 10cm3 of
ethanoic acid was added.
2. Anti bumping granules were added
3. 1cm3 of sulfuric acid was carefully added
4. A condenser was attached to the round-bottomed flask
5. The condenser was then attached to a tap with cold running water, this was
connected by rubber tubing, and the water was allowed to flow
6. An electric mantle was turned and then allowed to boil the mixture with a
thermometer attached.
7. The mixture was refluxed for 30 minutes.
8. The electric mantle was turned off, and the mixture to cool.
Purification of impure ester made in a lab
1. The impure mixture was poured into a separating funnel which also contained 20cm3
of water
2. A bung was placed on top of the stopcock, and while the bung was held down, the
funnel was shaken
, 3. Layers were allowed to separated, and then the more dense aqueous layer was
removed from the bottom layer.
4. The steps of 1-3 were repeated, which left the organic layer in the separation funnel
5. 5cm3 of sodium carbonate solution was added, and the mixture was swirled
6. The layers were allowed to separate again, and the less dense layer was removed
7. The left organic layer was washed with 20cm3 of water and then removed after being
left to stand
8. A spatula of anhydrous magnesium was added to a clean beaker
9. The ester layer was poured into the beaker containing anhydrous magnesium and
allowed to sit for 15 minutes
10. The leftover liquid was poured into a clean beaker.
Risk assessment
Hazard Risk Control measure Emergency action
Ethanol Irritation Wear eye protection Eye Contact
Fire risk Well ventilated room Rinse immediately
Safety measures of with plenty of water,
fire available also under the
eyelids, for at least
15 minutes.
. Skin Contact Wash
off immediately with
plenty of water for at
least 15 minutes.
Immediate medical
attention is required.
Ethanoic acid Burns Eye protection Eye Contact
Eye damage Wear gloves when Rinse immediately
handling with plenty of water,
Try to use the low also under the
amount eyelids, for at least
15 minutes.
. Skin Contact Wash
off immediately with
plenty of water for at
least 15 minutes.
Immediate medical
attention is required.
Sulfuric acid Burns Eye protection Eye Contact
Eye damage Wear gloves when Rinse immediately
handling with plenty of water,
Try to use the low also under the
amount eyelids, for at least
15 minutes.
Apparatus
Ethanol
Ethanoic acid
Anti bumping granules
Sulfuric acid
Round bottomed flask 50cm3
Electric mantle
Reflux equipment
10cm3 measuring cylinder
2cm3 measuring cylinder
Rubber tubing
Flowing water supply
20cm3 measuring cylinder
Bungs
5cm3 measuring cylinder
Separating funnel
Beakers
Anhydrous magnesium
Conical flask
Timer
Glass thermometer
Method
For making the ethyl ethanoate
1. 15cm3 of ethanol was added to a 50cm3 round-bottomed flask, and 10cm3 of
ethanoic acid was added.
2. Anti bumping granules were added
3. 1cm3 of sulfuric acid was carefully added
4. A condenser was attached to the round-bottomed flask
5. The condenser was then attached to a tap with cold running water, this was
connected by rubber tubing, and the water was allowed to flow
6. An electric mantle was turned and then allowed to boil the mixture with a
thermometer attached.
7. The mixture was refluxed for 30 minutes.
8. The electric mantle was turned off, and the mixture to cool.
Purification of impure ester made in a lab
1. The impure mixture was poured into a separating funnel which also contained 20cm3
of water
2. A bung was placed on top of the stopcock, and while the bung was held down, the
funnel was shaken
, 3. Layers were allowed to separated, and then the more dense aqueous layer was
removed from the bottom layer.
4. The steps of 1-3 were repeated, which left the organic layer in the separation funnel
5. 5cm3 of sodium carbonate solution was added, and the mixture was swirled
6. The layers were allowed to separate again, and the less dense layer was removed
7. The left organic layer was washed with 20cm3 of water and then removed after being
left to stand
8. A spatula of anhydrous magnesium was added to a clean beaker
9. The ester layer was poured into the beaker containing anhydrous magnesium and
allowed to sit for 15 minutes
10. The leftover liquid was poured into a clean beaker.
Risk assessment
Hazard Risk Control measure Emergency action
Ethanol Irritation Wear eye protection Eye Contact
Fire risk Well ventilated room Rinse immediately
Safety measures of with plenty of water,
fire available also under the
eyelids, for at least
15 minutes.
. Skin Contact Wash
off immediately with
plenty of water for at
least 15 minutes.
Immediate medical
attention is required.
Ethanoic acid Burns Eye protection Eye Contact
Eye damage Wear gloves when Rinse immediately
handling with plenty of water,
Try to use the low also under the
amount eyelids, for at least
15 minutes.
. Skin Contact Wash
off immediately with
plenty of water for at
least 15 minutes.
Immediate medical
attention is required.
Sulfuric acid Burns Eye protection Eye Contact
Eye damage Wear gloves when Rinse immediately
handling with plenty of water,
Try to use the low also under the
amount eyelids, for at least
15 minutes.
