Summary Reactions and mechanisms of halogenoalkanes

MECHANISMS
RX with potassium cyanide IKCNI in ethanol
nitrile formation

H H
I 1

C Br
H C
bigger molecule
- - -




H H
y
1 I
H
H
→ it - it Bro

III.important reaction as new C- C bond is formed
a

synthesis
•
nitrile can be converted to carboxylic acid or amine .




•
KCN
in ethanol , reflux
; RX → R -

CN
•

nuc sub




RX with ammonia , sealed tube

primary amine formation
fractional distillation
RX1-2NH , → RNH , t
NH4X µ to seperate .




↳ RX NH4X
} continent
RNH , t NH3 R , NH

%
t → t when
occur amine
primary "

NH4X ?
RX tRzNHztNH , →
Rz N t




NH3 pushes primary to react -1
higher yield
'

excess of Cork for only
•
sealed tube .




↳ higher than RNH r or RzNH2
•
RX → to amine .
cone of NH3
•
nuc sub ↳ first reaction more likely .