Module 8 Psych 140PortageLearnig with complete solution

Late adulthood - ANSWER starts in 60's, can be the longest age grouping in one's life if an individual lives to old age Do most older adults develop dementia? - ANSWER No, It is not a normal part of aging. Only a small percentage of 65-to-75-year-old people have a neurocognitive disorder. However, this number increases with age (50% of individuals 85 and older have a neurocognitive disorder)_ What are some causes of neurocognitive disorders? - ANSWER various diseases, severe drug/alcohol abuse, stroke, or progressive deterioration caused by a variety of factors Why do women typically outlive men? - ANSWER Partly genetics, but mostly environmental. Men are more likely to engage in risky behaviors, abuse drugs and alcohol, and be less vigilant about their overall health. Primary aging - ANSWER the universal and irreversible physical changes that occur to all living creatures as they grow older, genetically influenced, and thought to be unavoidable at this point Secondary aging - ANSWER aging that is not inevitable and occurs due to choices we make and environmental exposures "Wear and tear" theory - ANSWER States that time and exertion is the enemy, and focuses on secondary aging but ignores the actual cause which is primary aging. However there are holes in this theory: body does a great job at repairing itself, individuals who engage in a lot of exercise and activity are typically healthier and longer-lived than sedentary individuals, Free radical theory - ANSWER theory of aging that states that free radicals triggered by certain environmental contaminants might be linked to various diseases and maladies that coincide with aging. Accumulating free radicals over time might be associated with problems such as cataracts and arthritis Cellular theories of aging - ANSWER -Free radicals -Hayflick Limit Hayflick Limit Theory - ANSWER states that human adult cells have a limited number of times that they can divide (approximately 20). After this limit is reached, the cells will begin to die. Programmed cell death theories - ANSWER focus on how cells appear to be designed to self-destruct in our genetic code. A variety of processes contribute to this programmed cell death, and many of the diseases associated with aging, such as osteoporosis and Alzheimer's, have evidence of being at least partly caused by these processes. Subtypes of neurocognitive disorders - ANSWER Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, substance/medication induced, a prion disease, neurocognitive disease due to HIV, cognitive declines due to vascular disease Symptoms of neurocognitive disorder caused by Parkinson's: - ANSWER anxiety, depression, hallucinations, personality changes Prion diseases - ANSWER -Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease—rapidly progressive dementia, typically sporadic (some familial forms). -Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)—also known as "mad cow disease." -Kuru—acquired prion disease noted in tribal populations practicing human cannibalism. What percentage of individuals with HIV have symptoms for at least a mild neurocognitive disorder? - ANSWER approximately 25% HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) - ANSWER drug cocktail that suppresses HIV replication, individuals taking HAART often experience lower rates of neurocognitive issues What percentage of dementia cases are Alzheimer's? - ANSWER 60%