TEAS EXAM Detailed Review

TEAS EXAM REVIEW
SCIENCE PORTION
Human Anatomy & Physiology- 68%
Life & Physical Sciences-17%
Scientific Reasoning- 15%

Lesson 1- Human Anatomy and Physiology

1.1 Components of a Cell

Function Organelle Description
Protein Synthesis ribosomes Free floating in cytoplasm or associated with ER.
Composed of ribosomal RNA, protein, & translate
messenger RNA into cellular proteins.
Protein Translation rough ER Site of translation for membrane-bound of secreted
proteins. Site of protein folding & modification.
Protein modification golgi apparatus Sort/package protein. Cells “post office”. Proteins
& modification undergo posttranslational modification.
Ribosome assembly nucleolus Transcribes ribosomal RNA & combines ribosomal
proteins to create ribosomal subunits.
Waste breakdown lysosome Break down waste, defense against pathogens &
apoptosis.
Energy production mitochondria Powerhouse. Produce ATP through aerobic
respiration. Double membrane, small circular
genome, own ribosomes.
Cell organization centrosome Organization. Centrioles assemble the mitotic
spindle during cell division.
Detoxification & smooth ER Produces lipids, phospholipids, steroids. Detoxifies
lipid synthesis metabolic by-products as well as alcohol/drugs.
Storage site for calcium.
locomotion cilia Enable movement. Increase cell surface area to
maximize absorption.

,1.2 Tissues

Tissue type Description
Epithelial Covering skin. Produce secretions. Dependent on diffusion from
capillaries for food and oxygen.
Connective Found throughout body. Bone, cartilage, adipose (fat), blood vessel.
Muscular Provide movement. Skeletal, cardiac, smooth.
Nervous Structure for brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Send electrical impulses
through body.

1.3 Anatomical Planes and Terminology

Plane Description
Coronal Runs vertically. Front/back
Sagittal Runs vertically. Left/right
Transverse Runs horizontal. Top/bottom. Also called axial


Term Definition Example
Superior Top half of transverse Head
Inferior Bottom half of transverse Foot
Anterior/ventral Front of coronal Clavicle
Posterior/dorsal Back of coronal Shoulder blade
Medial Midline of sagittal Thumb
Lateral Away from midline of sagittal Pinky
Proximal Toward origin Proximal tubule Bowman’s
capsule
Distal Away from origin Distal tubule Bowman’s
capsule

, Lesson 2- Skeletal System

System Function: movement, protection, metabolism, creates blood cells, framework for
muscles.

Bone: hard calcified material that makes up skeletal system.
 Stores calcium, phosphate, and lipids.
 Synthesize blood and immune cells.

 Two divisions of system
o Axial skeleton: skull, vertebrae, rib cage, hyoid bone, general scaffold of body.
o Appendicular skeleton: limb bone, scapula, clavicle, pelvis, enables
movement.
 4 types of bone
o Long bone: support weight of body and facilitate movement.
 Long compact hollow shafts containing bone marrow
 Ex) femur, tibia, fibula, ulna, humerus, radius
o Short bone: provide stability and some movement.
 Wider than they are long
 Ex) carpals, tarsals, clavicle
o Flat bone: protect internal organs
 Not hollow but contain marrow
 Ex) sternum, scapula, ribs, pelvis
o Irregular bone: no category
 Nonsymmetrical shape
 Ex) vertebral column, skull, knee, elbow
 3 types of joints
o Synovial joint: contain lubricating synovial fluid
 Pivot: neck
 Ball and Socket : Hip
 Hinge: Knee
o Fibrous joint: held together by ligaments
 Not moveable
 Bones in skull
o Cartilaginous joint: two bones meet at connection made of cartilage.
 Partially moveable
 Vertebra in spine

Ligament: articulates bone to bone
Tendon: articulates muscle to bone
Hyaline Cartilage: convers articulating surface of bones

Spongy bone: located at the ends on bones