MICROBIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH Q&A

MICROBIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH Q&A 1. This systemic infection is caused by microorganisms multiplying in circulation blood A. Bacteremia B. Viremia C. Septicimia D. NOTA Septicimia is a systemic disease caused by the invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in the bloodstream Bacteremia is a condtion in which bacteria are present in the bloodstream Viremia is the presence of virus in the bloodstream 2. The mucopolysaccharide seen in the bacterial cell wall A. Murein B. Chitin C. Pili D. Cellulose Murein or peptidoglycan is the shape determining part of the cell wall. It is an insoluble, porous polymer of great strength and rigidity which is found only in prokaryotes. Peptidoglycan is a simple gigantic molecule that surrounds the cell as a network Chitin is a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine present in the covering layer of arthropods and in the cell walls of many fungi Cellulose is a complex polysaccharide consisting of many glucose molecules, the characteristic structural material of plant cell walls 3. Phase which represents the maximum growth rate in bacterial culture A. Lag phase B. Stationary phase C. Log phase D. Death phase Log phase, also known as the exponential or growth phase, is the period of rapid balanced growth Lag phase is the initial period in which there appears to be no growth in terms of increase in cell numbers Stationary phase is the phase wherein no new growth is apparent Death phase is the declining phase wherein all the microbial cells die 4. These microorganisms can manufacture their own food by using light as energy source A. Phototrophs B. Chemotrophs C. Heterotrophs D. Lithotrophs Phototrophs derive their energy for growth from light by the process of photosynthesis A chemotroph is an organism that uses chemical compounds for energy A heterotroph is a microorganism that is unable to use carbon dioxide as its sole source of carbon and requires one or more organic compounds A autotroph is a microorganism that uses inorganic materials that uses inorganic materials as a source of nutrients. It uses carbon dioxide as its sole source of carbon 5. This process involves the transfer of DNA by direct contact between bacterial coils A. Transformation B. Transduction C. Conjugation D. Mutation Conjugation is a process of gene transfer that requires coil to cell contact. It occurs particularly in unicellular organisms. It is a result of conjugation, DNA may be transferred directly from on bacterium to another Transformation is a type of gene transfer in which a recipient cell acquires a fragment of DNA that is present in free form in the surrounding medium Transduction is the transfer of genetic material from the bacterium to another through the agency of a virus Mutation is a stable change of gene such that the changed condition is inherited by offspring cells