Summary of Comparative Analysis Of Political Systems

1. Comment
18 October 2020 at 18:10:30
Looking though the lens of ones
own context

2. Comment
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According to Peace of Westphalia
and Montevideo Convention

3. Comment
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Internal and external

4. Comment
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Lecture 1 - Introduction
More uniformity

5. Comment Part 1 - Introduction
18 October 2020 at 18:14:37
Comparative politics: research method in political science
E.g. police force
• Combines substance and methods (depth and breadth)
6. Comment
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Extraction of societal resources Comparison:

7. Comment • Benefits:
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Creation of institutions • Contextualization

• Typology
8. Comment
18 October 2020 at 18:19:01 • Generate/test theories
Distinct from citizenship (legal
• Hazards:
term)
• Requires a lot of context
9. Comment
18 October 2020 at 18:22:01 • Different meanings in different contexts
Socially constructed 1 • Ethnocentrism
Based on ethnicity, language, • Selection bias
religion, ideology, etc
• Stereotypes


Part 2 - States and Nations
State: formal political organization (main unit)

• Country: state + nation

• Government: set of people that manage state
2 3 • Features: territory, population, sovereignty

• Emergence:

• War theory
• French Revolution
4 7 • Centralization → standardization → national force → mobilization → differentiation →
welfare state


8 9 Nation: imagined community with territorial claim

• Nationalism: seek self-determination

,10. Comment
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Often rooted in ethnicity

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E.g. in multiethnic Yugoslavia,
politicians pushed for ethnic
homogenization

12. Comment
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Revolutionists inherited the state
and tried to create a nation out of
different groups
10 • Push to homogenize
13. Comment
• Ethnicity: common descent (socially constructed)
18 October 2020 at 18:21:22
E.g. many former colonies in 11 • Often used for mobilization/legitimation
global south

14. Comment Which came first: nation or state?
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Positive connotations • Nazi Germany: Arian nation

Only countries that do not self- 12 • France: state
identity are Vatican City and 13 • Nation-building: state → nation-state
Saudi Arabia

15. Comment Part 3 - Regimes
18 October 2020 at 18:27:54
E.g. Switzerland Aristotle’s Typology of Regimes

Not feasible on large scale Public Interest Private Interests

Rule by one Monarchy Tyranny
16. Comment
18 October 2020 at 18:27:35 Rule by few Aristocracy Oligarchy
Schumpeter: democratic elitism
Rule by many/all Polity Democracy

17. Comment
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Protects majority Contemporary typology:

18. Comment 14 • Democratic regimes: rule by people, political equality
18 October 2020 at 18:26:48
15 16 • Direct vs representative
Protects minority (from tyranny of
the majority) 17 18 • Majoritarian vs liberal

19. Comment 19 • Authoritarian regimes: no competition for power
18 October 2020 at 18:30:38
20 • Military junta
Negative connotations
21 • Dictatorship
Proliferating
22 • Absolute monarchy
20. Comment 23 • One-party state
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E.g. Egypt, Thailand 24 • Theocracy
25 26 • Hybrid/illiberal regimes: unstable gray zone
21. Comment
18 October 2020 at 18:29:26 27 28 • Totalitarian regimes: mass mobilization (ideological socialization), omnipresence
E.g. Cameroon, Russia,
Venezuela
Democracy index: Freedom House
22. Comment
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E.g. Oman, Saudi Arabia,
Swaziland

23. Comment
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E.g. China, Cuba, Vietnam

24. Comment
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E.g. Iran, Vietnam

25. Comment
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Most emerged in 3rd wave of

, democratization

Some progressing, some
regressing

26. Comment
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Political turmoil

27. Comment
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Now very rare (only North Korea)

E.g. Italy (Mussolini), Nazi
Germany (Hitler), Soviet Union
(Stalin), China (Mao)

28. Comment
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Very little privacy, system of terror
(secret police)

Powerful leader image

, Readings:
• Cases in Comparative Politics (O’Neil, 2018), chapter 1

• Calhoun, C. (1993). Nationalism and Ethnicity. Annual Review of Sociology, 19, pp.
211-239