Nursing 102 Med Surge Theory Hacker/Warner Final

Chronic Bronchitis - Pathio/etio - ANSWER Develops when irritants are inhaled for a prolonged time. Irritants inflamed the tracheobronchial tree leading to increased mucus production & narrowed or blocked airways. As inflammation continues changes in the cells lining of the respiratory tract increase resistance in the small airways and results in decreased arterial oxygenation. Chronic bronchitis causes hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle and hyperplasia of the mucous glands, increased number of goblet cells, ciliary damage. Accumulation of mucus and debris impairs the defenses and increases likelihood of Respiratory Tract Infections. Pleural Effusion - Pathio/Physio - ANSWER -Excessive hydrostatic pressure or decreased osmotic pressure can cause excessive amounts of fluid to pass across intact capillaries. This is transudative pleural effusion. Exudative pleural effusion results when capillary permeability increases with or without changes in hydrostatic & colloid osmotic pressures which allows protein rich fluid to leak into pleural spaces COPD - Pathio/Physio - ANSWER Airflow limitation is both progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases. This chronic inflammation leads to narrowing and changes in the in the airways. Leads to atrophy of smooth muscle/lung tissue and loss of alveolar destruction and inability to recoil.