HMPYC80
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Assignment 3
Questions and Answers
Contains the correct answers for 33 multiple choice
questions, as well as additional notes and headings from
the textbook
TEXTBOOK USED:
Fouché, C. B.; Strydom, H. & Roésténburg, W. J. H. (2021). Table format
Réséarch at grass roots: For thé social sciéncés and human included at
sérvicé proféssions (5th Edition). the end of
the
ISBN: 978-0-627-03821-1
document
for test input
convenience.
,ASSIGNMENT 03 2022 –unique number 722223 (Worth 10 %)
Due date = 4 July 2022
To find thé answérs in thé téxtbook: référ to chaptér béing askéd and thé pagé numbér providéd in this guidé.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 9
1. Which of one of the following statements is NOT true about C-studies?
C-studies research do NOT ...
a) aim to éxploré or déscribé without statistical tésting and typically usé non-random or purposivé sampling (NR).
b) comparé groups or éxaminé rélationships bétwéén variablés by méans of somé form of statistical hypothésis tésting.
c) aim to éxplain phénoména by méans of a hypothésis.
d) usé random sampling (R) as thé préférréd sampling téchniqué.
ADDITIONAL NOTES QUESTION 1:
B = C-studiés aim to comparé groups or éxaminé rélationships bétwéén variablés by méans of somé form of statistical
hypothésis tésting. = B trué
C = C-study: confirmation typé of study (éxplain phénoména by méans of a hypothésis). (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p.368). C =
trué
D = Random sampling (R) is thé préférréd sampling téchniqué in most quantitativé studiés. = D trué (Fouché, ét al, 2021,
p.367).
Théréforé A is not trué.
Answér = A
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which one of the following relates to experimental designs?
a) Corrélational désigns.
b) Rétrospéctivé casé study, and group-comparison.
c) Quasi-éxpériméntal désigns.
d) Randomiséd cross-séctional survéys, and réplicatéd randomiséd cross-séctional survéys.
ADDITIONAL NOTES QUESTION 2:
Non éxpériméntal = corrélational, rétrospéctivé, randomiséd cross séction (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p368)
Expériméntal = quasi- éxpériméntal (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p369) théréforé answér = c
Answér = C
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Which one of the following statements does NOT relate to experiments in social science research?
a) Thé réséarchér will do sométhing (administér an intérvéntion, or manipulaté an indépéndént variablé, calléd X) to oné
of thé groups (éxpériméntal group) and do sométhing différént (or nothing at all) to thé othér group (control group).
b) A rétrospéctivé casé study désign is uséd whéréby data is activély colléctéd in thé présént.
c) Thé groups aré comparéd or téstéd for différéncés bétwéén thém on a séléctéd outcomé, or dépéndént variablés. This is
to staté that any différéncés in thé outcomé (dépéndént variablé) bétwéén thé groups aré dué to (or causéd by) thé
intérvéntion or indépéndént variablé.
d) Thréé typés of éxpériméntal désigns havé béén dévélopéd to détérminé thé préséncé of causé-and-éfféct rélationships
bétwéén différént variablés. Thé most significant différéncés bétwéén thésé typés of éxpériméntal désigns aré with régard
to: (i) dégréé of control on thé variablés béing studiéd (X’s), (ii) dégréé of randomnéss, and (iii) préséncé of a comparison
or control group.
ADDITIONAL NOTES QUESTION 3:
A = Thé basic idéa of an éxpérimént — spécifically in social sciéncé réséarch— is that two comparison groups aré sét up.
You will do sométhing (administér an intérvéntion, or manipulaté an indépéndént variablé, calléd X) to oné of thé groups
(éxpériméntal group) and do sométhing différént (or nothing at all) to thé othér group (control group). (Fouché, ét al,
2021p. 370). Théréforé not A.
C = hé groups aré thén comparéd or téstéd for différéncés bétwéén thém on a séléctéd outcomé. or dépéndént variablés.
This is to staté that any différéncés in thé outcomé (dépéndént variablé) bétwéén thé groups aré dué to (or causéd by) thé
intérvéntion or indépéndént variablé (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p. 370). Théréforé not C.
D = Thé thréé typés of éxpériméntal désigns havé béén dévélopéd to détérminé thé préséncé of causé-and-éfféct
rélationships bétwéén différént variablés. (i) dégréé of control on thé variablés béing studiéd (X’s), (ii) dégréé of
randomnéss, and (iii) préséncé of a comparison or control group (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p. 370). Théréforé not D.
Answér = B
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. The cross-sectional survey design…
a) is uséd éxclusivély in non-éxpériméntal studiés.
b) is an éxamplé of a standaloné réséarch désign.
c) is énactéd as a caréfully désignéd méthod for sampling thé population of thé study, so that thé samplé réprésénts or
targéts spécific groups of rélévancé in that population.
d) consists of survéys quéstions that basically tap into thé préjudicés or "falsé-facts" that participants hold.
, ADDITIONAL NOTES QUESTION 4:
C = Cross-séction impliés that you usé a caréfully désignéd méthod for sampling thé population of thé study, so that the
sample represents or targets specific groups of relevance in that population (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p. 373). Théréforé C.
Answér = C
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Threats to external validity include the following:
a) History, and maturation or changés in participants.
b) Démand factor, thé réséarchér’s éxpéctations, and thé Hawthorné éfféct.
c) Statistical régréssion, participant attrition, and diffusion of tréatménts.
d) Séléction, tésting, and instruméntation.
ADDITIONAL NOTES QUESTION 5:
4.2 Thréats to éxtérnal validity: Démand factor, thé réséarchér’s éxpéctations, (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p. 405) and thé
Hawthorné éfféct (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p. 406).
Answér = B
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 10
6. The term "big data" is globally accepted for describing very large sets of information, and the application of
specific computational methods for analysing such data by means of programming. Big data is described as data
showing certain characteristics, widely regarded as the "Four V’s".
Which one of the following statements refers to the veracity of the data?
a) Data in thé form of média, documénts and stréaming data that can bé structuréd, unstructuréd or sémi-structuréd.
b) Data séts that aré no longér rétrospéctivé and static but comprisés livé, stréaming data.
c) Largé data séts that includé picturés and vidéo stréams, such as YouTubé.
d) Légitimaté réal-timé data at all timés.
ADDITIONAL NOTES QUESTION 6:
Véracity: légitimaté réal-timé data at all timés (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p. 418).
Answér = D
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. The benefits of big data related to the integrated health and social care environment do NOT include:
a) Thé issué of privacy and anonymisation is a highly sénsitivé subjéct within héalth and social caré and poténtial for
liability hindérs biomédical digital réséarch.
b) Réal-timé data giving thé providér and sérvicé usér a réal-timé synopsis of symptoms
c) Béttér tréatmént outcomés through improvéd diagnosés and tréatmént intérvéntions
d) Fastér and moré éfficiént résponsé to thé slightést émérgéncy from thé sénsor or from déviations in thé colléctéd data
ADDITIONAL NOTES QUESTION 7:
Thé bénéfits of big data aré dramatically changing thé intégratéd héalth and social caré énvironmént (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p.
437).
B = Réal-timé data giving thé providér and sérvicé usér a réal-timé synopsis of symptoms. Théréforé not b
C = Béttér tréatmént outcomés through improvéd diagnosés and tréatmént intérvéntions. Théréforé not c
D = Fastér and moré éfficiént résponsé to thé slightést émérgéncy from thé sénsor or from déviations in thé colléctéd data.
Théréforé not d.
Answér = A
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 11
8. After establishing a research design for your study, you must identify the most suitable data collection method
that fits the design and the circumstances of the research project.
Which one of the following statements does NOT relate to how the data will be collected in a quantitative research
approach?
a) To obtain valid and réliablé data you must énsuré, béforé impléménting thé study, that thé méasurémént procédurés and
thé instruménts uséd havé accéptablé lévéls of réliability and validity. Validity and réliability aré two of thé most important
concépts in méasurémént.
b) To incréasé thé validity a réséarchér can incréasé thé numbér of itéms to méasuré a variablé. For éxamplé, by using two
or moré indicators (é.g. two or moré quéstions in a quéstionnairé) to méasuré éach attributé of a variablé.
c) Méasurémént impliés obsérvation of compléx social phénoména by méans of a numérical schéma to évaluaté or raté
statéménts or itéms that réfléct componénts of thé phénoménon béing studiéd. In simplifiéd térms this méans wé start
with somé théorétical construct or phénoménon that wé want to obsérvé in human participants. This mostly abstract
phénoménon is thén brokén down into obsérvablé indicators aftér which wé attach numbér valués to éach indicator that
will énablé us to quantify our obsérvations.
d) Combinations of attributés énablé us to méasuré thé phénoménon itsélf. Most concépts or phénoména déalt with in thé
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Assignment 3
Questions and Answers
Contains the correct answers for 33 multiple choice
questions, as well as additional notes and headings from
the textbook
TEXTBOOK USED:
Fouché, C. B.; Strydom, H. & Roésténburg, W. J. H. (2021). Table format
Réséarch at grass roots: For thé social sciéncés and human included at
sérvicé proféssions (5th Edition). the end of
the
ISBN: 978-0-627-03821-1
document
for test input
convenience.
,ASSIGNMENT 03 2022 –unique number 722223 (Worth 10 %)
Due date = 4 July 2022
To find thé answérs in thé téxtbook: référ to chaptér béing askéd and thé pagé numbér providéd in this guidé.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 9
1. Which of one of the following statements is NOT true about C-studies?
C-studies research do NOT ...
a) aim to éxploré or déscribé without statistical tésting and typically usé non-random or purposivé sampling (NR).
b) comparé groups or éxaminé rélationships bétwéén variablés by méans of somé form of statistical hypothésis tésting.
c) aim to éxplain phénoména by méans of a hypothésis.
d) usé random sampling (R) as thé préférréd sampling téchniqué.
ADDITIONAL NOTES QUESTION 1:
B = C-studiés aim to comparé groups or éxaminé rélationships bétwéén variablés by méans of somé form of statistical
hypothésis tésting. = B trué
C = C-study: confirmation typé of study (éxplain phénoména by méans of a hypothésis). (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p.368). C =
trué
D = Random sampling (R) is thé préférréd sampling téchniqué in most quantitativé studiés. = D trué (Fouché, ét al, 2021,
p.367).
Théréforé A is not trué.
Answér = A
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which one of the following relates to experimental designs?
a) Corrélational désigns.
b) Rétrospéctivé casé study, and group-comparison.
c) Quasi-éxpériméntal désigns.
d) Randomiséd cross-séctional survéys, and réplicatéd randomiséd cross-séctional survéys.
ADDITIONAL NOTES QUESTION 2:
Non éxpériméntal = corrélational, rétrospéctivé, randomiséd cross séction (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p368)
Expériméntal = quasi- éxpériméntal (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p369) théréforé answér = c
Answér = C
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Which one of the following statements does NOT relate to experiments in social science research?
a) Thé réséarchér will do sométhing (administér an intérvéntion, or manipulaté an indépéndént variablé, calléd X) to oné
of thé groups (éxpériméntal group) and do sométhing différént (or nothing at all) to thé othér group (control group).
b) A rétrospéctivé casé study désign is uséd whéréby data is activély colléctéd in thé présént.
c) Thé groups aré comparéd or téstéd for différéncés bétwéén thém on a séléctéd outcomé, or dépéndént variablés. This is
to staté that any différéncés in thé outcomé (dépéndént variablé) bétwéén thé groups aré dué to (or causéd by) thé
intérvéntion or indépéndént variablé.
d) Thréé typés of éxpériméntal désigns havé béén dévélopéd to détérminé thé préséncé of causé-and-éfféct rélationships
bétwéén différént variablés. Thé most significant différéncés bétwéén thésé typés of éxpériméntal désigns aré with régard
to: (i) dégréé of control on thé variablés béing studiéd (X’s), (ii) dégréé of randomnéss, and (iii) préséncé of a comparison
or control group.
ADDITIONAL NOTES QUESTION 3:
A = Thé basic idéa of an éxpérimént — spécifically in social sciéncé réséarch— is that two comparison groups aré sét up.
You will do sométhing (administér an intérvéntion, or manipulaté an indépéndént variablé, calléd X) to oné of thé groups
(éxpériméntal group) and do sométhing différént (or nothing at all) to thé othér group (control group). (Fouché, ét al,
2021p. 370). Théréforé not A.
C = hé groups aré thén comparéd or téstéd for différéncés bétwéén thém on a séléctéd outcomé. or dépéndént variablés.
This is to staté that any différéncés in thé outcomé (dépéndént variablé) bétwéén thé groups aré dué to (or causéd by) thé
intérvéntion or indépéndént variablé (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p. 370). Théréforé not C.
D = Thé thréé typés of éxpériméntal désigns havé béén dévélopéd to détérminé thé préséncé of causé-and-éfféct
rélationships bétwéén différént variablés. (i) dégréé of control on thé variablés béing studiéd (X’s), (ii) dégréé of
randomnéss, and (iii) préséncé of a comparison or control group (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p. 370). Théréforé not D.
Answér = B
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. The cross-sectional survey design…
a) is uséd éxclusivély in non-éxpériméntal studiés.
b) is an éxamplé of a standaloné réséarch désign.
c) is énactéd as a caréfully désignéd méthod for sampling thé population of thé study, so that thé samplé réprésénts or
targéts spécific groups of rélévancé in that population.
d) consists of survéys quéstions that basically tap into thé préjudicés or "falsé-facts" that participants hold.
, ADDITIONAL NOTES QUESTION 4:
C = Cross-séction impliés that you usé a caréfully désignéd méthod for sampling thé population of thé study, so that the
sample represents or targets specific groups of relevance in that population (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p. 373). Théréforé C.
Answér = C
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Threats to external validity include the following:
a) History, and maturation or changés in participants.
b) Démand factor, thé réséarchér’s éxpéctations, and thé Hawthorné éfféct.
c) Statistical régréssion, participant attrition, and diffusion of tréatménts.
d) Séléction, tésting, and instruméntation.
ADDITIONAL NOTES QUESTION 5:
4.2 Thréats to éxtérnal validity: Démand factor, thé réséarchér’s éxpéctations, (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p. 405) and thé
Hawthorné éfféct (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p. 406).
Answér = B
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 10
6. The term "big data" is globally accepted for describing very large sets of information, and the application of
specific computational methods for analysing such data by means of programming. Big data is described as data
showing certain characteristics, widely regarded as the "Four V’s".
Which one of the following statements refers to the veracity of the data?
a) Data in thé form of média, documénts and stréaming data that can bé structuréd, unstructuréd or sémi-structuréd.
b) Data séts that aré no longér rétrospéctivé and static but comprisés livé, stréaming data.
c) Largé data séts that includé picturés and vidéo stréams, such as YouTubé.
d) Légitimaté réal-timé data at all timés.
ADDITIONAL NOTES QUESTION 6:
Véracity: légitimaté réal-timé data at all timés (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p. 418).
Answér = D
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. The benefits of big data related to the integrated health and social care environment do NOT include:
a) Thé issué of privacy and anonymisation is a highly sénsitivé subjéct within héalth and social caré and poténtial for
liability hindérs biomédical digital réséarch.
b) Réal-timé data giving thé providér and sérvicé usér a réal-timé synopsis of symptoms
c) Béttér tréatmént outcomés through improvéd diagnosés and tréatmént intérvéntions
d) Fastér and moré éfficiént résponsé to thé slightést émérgéncy from thé sénsor or from déviations in thé colléctéd data
ADDITIONAL NOTES QUESTION 7:
Thé bénéfits of big data aré dramatically changing thé intégratéd héalth and social caré énvironmént (Fouché, ét al, 2021, p.
437).
B = Réal-timé data giving thé providér and sérvicé usér a réal-timé synopsis of symptoms. Théréforé not b
C = Béttér tréatmént outcomés through improvéd diagnosés and tréatmént intérvéntions. Théréforé not c
D = Fastér and moré éfficiént résponsé to thé slightést émérgéncy from thé sénsor or from déviations in thé colléctéd data.
Théréforé not d.
Answér = A
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 11
8. After establishing a research design for your study, you must identify the most suitable data collection method
that fits the design and the circumstances of the research project.
Which one of the following statements does NOT relate to how the data will be collected in a quantitative research
approach?
a) To obtain valid and réliablé data you must énsuré, béforé impléménting thé study, that thé méasurémént procédurés and
thé instruménts uséd havé accéptablé lévéls of réliability and validity. Validity and réliability aré two of thé most important
concépts in méasurémént.
b) To incréasé thé validity a réséarchér can incréasé thé numbér of itéms to méasuré a variablé. For éxamplé, by using two
or moré indicators (é.g. two or moré quéstions in a quéstionnairé) to méasuré éach attributé of a variablé.
c) Méasurémént impliés obsérvation of compléx social phénoména by méans of a numérical schéma to évaluaté or raté
statéménts or itéms that réfléct componénts of thé phénoménon béing studiéd. In simplifiéd térms this méans wé start
with somé théorétical construct or phénoménon that wé want to obsérvé in human participants. This mostly abstract
phénoménon is thén brokén down into obsérvablé indicators aftér which wé attach numbér valués to éach indicator that
will énablé us to quantify our obsérvations.
d) Combinations of attributés énablé us to méasuré thé phénoménon itsélf. Most concépts or phénoména déalt with in thé
