TNCC 8th Edition
What are the greatest risks for transport? Correct Answer: Loss of airway patency, displaced obstructive
tubes lines or catheters, dislodge splinting devices, need to replace or reinforce dressings, deterioration
in patient status change in vital signs or level of consciousness, injury to the patient and/or team
members
According to newtons law which of these two force is greater: size or force? Correct Answer: Neither.
For each force there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What is the relationship between mass and velocity to kinetic energy? Correct Answer: Kinetic energy is
equal to 1/2 the mass multiplied the square of its velocity therefore when mass is doubled so is the net
energy, however, when velocity is doubled energy is quadrupled.
What is tension? Correct Answer: stretching force by pulling at opposite ends
What is compression? Correct Answer: Crushing by squeezing together
What is bending? Correct Answer: Loading about an axis. Bending causes compression on the side the
person is bending toward intention to the opposite side
What is shearing? Correct Answer: Damage by tearing or bending by exerting faucet different parts in
opposite directions at the same time.
What is torsion? Correct Answer: Torsion forces twist ends in opposite directions.
What is combined loading? Correct Answer: Any combination of tension compression torsion bending
and/or shear.
What are the four types of trauma related injuries? Correct Answer: Blunt, penetrating, thermal, or
blast.
What are contributing factors to injuries related to blunt traumas? Correct Answer: The point of impact
on the patient's body, the type of surface that is hit, the tissues ability to resist (bone versus soft tissue,
air-filled versus solid organs), and the trajectory of force.
What are the seven patterns of pathway injuries related to motor vehicle accidents? Correct Answer:
Up and over, down and under, lateral, rotational, rear, roll over, and ejection.
Differentiate between the three impacts of motor vehicle impact sequence. Correct Answer: The first
impact occurs when the vehicle collided with another object. The second impact occurs after the initial
impact when the occupant continues to move in the original direction of travel until they collide with
the interior of the vehicle or meet resistance. The third impact occurs when internal structures collide
within the body cavity.
, What are the three factors that contribute to the damage caused by penetrating trauma's? Correct
Answer: The point of impact, the velocity and speed of impact, and the proximity to the object.
What causes the primary effects of blast traumas? Correct Answer: The direct blast effects. Types of
injuries include last long, tympanic membrane rupture and middle ear damage, abdominal hemorrhage
and perforation, global rupture, mild Trumatic brain injury.
What causes the secondary effects of blast traumas? Correct Answer: Projectiles propelled by the
explosion. Injuries include penetrating or blunt injuries or I penetration.
What causes the tertiary effects of blast traumas? Correct Answer: Results from individuals being
thrown by the blast wind. Injuries include hole or partial body translocation from being thrown against a
hard service: blunt or penetrating trauma's, fractures, traumatic amputations.
What causes quarternary effects of blast traumas? Correct Answer: All explosion related injuries,
illnesses, or diseases not due to the first three mechanisms. Injuries include external and internal burns,
crush injuries, closed and open brain injuries, asthmatic or breathing problems from dust smoke or toxic
fumes, angina, or hyper glycemia and hypertension.
What causes quinary effects of blasts traumas? Correct Answer: Those associated with exposure to
hazardous materials from radioactive, biologic, or chemical components of a blast. Injuries include a
variety of health effects depending on agent.
What are the three processes that transfer oxygen from the air to the lungs and blood stream Correct
Answer: Ventilation: the active mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs; diffusion: the
passive movement of gases from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; and
perfusion: the movement of blood to and from the lungs as a delivery medium of oxygen to the entire
body.
When would you use a nasopharyngeal airway versus an oral pharyngeal airway? Correct Answer:
Nasopharyngeal airways is contraindicated in patients with facial trauma or a suspected basilar skull
fracture. Oral pharyngeal airways is used in unresponsive patients unable to maintain their airway,
without a gag reflex as a temporary measure to facilitate ventilation with a bag mask device or
spontaneous ventilation until the patient can be intubated.
Describe the measurement of an NPA Correct Answer: Measure from the tip of the patient's nose to the
tip of the patients earlobe.
Measurement of an OPA Correct Answer: Place the proximal end or flange of the airway adjunct at the
corner of the mouth to the tip of the mandibular angle.
True or false: NPAs and OPAs are definitive airways. Correct Answer: False. When placing one of these?
One should consider the potential need for a definitive airway.
Name the three ways to confirm ETT placement Correct Answer: Placement of a CO2 monitoring device,
Assessing for equal chest rise and fall, and listening at the epigastrium and four lung fields for equal
breath sounds.
What are the greatest risks for transport? Correct Answer: Loss of airway patency, displaced obstructive
tubes lines or catheters, dislodge splinting devices, need to replace or reinforce dressings, deterioration
in patient status change in vital signs or level of consciousness, injury to the patient and/or team
members
According to newtons law which of these two force is greater: size or force? Correct Answer: Neither.
For each force there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What is the relationship between mass and velocity to kinetic energy? Correct Answer: Kinetic energy is
equal to 1/2 the mass multiplied the square of its velocity therefore when mass is doubled so is the net
energy, however, when velocity is doubled energy is quadrupled.
What is tension? Correct Answer: stretching force by pulling at opposite ends
What is compression? Correct Answer: Crushing by squeezing together
What is bending? Correct Answer: Loading about an axis. Bending causes compression on the side the
person is bending toward intention to the opposite side
What is shearing? Correct Answer: Damage by tearing or bending by exerting faucet different parts in
opposite directions at the same time.
What is torsion? Correct Answer: Torsion forces twist ends in opposite directions.
What is combined loading? Correct Answer: Any combination of tension compression torsion bending
and/or shear.
What are the four types of trauma related injuries? Correct Answer: Blunt, penetrating, thermal, or
blast.
What are contributing factors to injuries related to blunt traumas? Correct Answer: The point of impact
on the patient's body, the type of surface that is hit, the tissues ability to resist (bone versus soft tissue,
air-filled versus solid organs), and the trajectory of force.
What are the seven patterns of pathway injuries related to motor vehicle accidents? Correct Answer:
Up and over, down and under, lateral, rotational, rear, roll over, and ejection.
Differentiate between the three impacts of motor vehicle impact sequence. Correct Answer: The first
impact occurs when the vehicle collided with another object. The second impact occurs after the initial
impact when the occupant continues to move in the original direction of travel until they collide with
the interior of the vehicle or meet resistance. The third impact occurs when internal structures collide
within the body cavity.
, What are the three factors that contribute to the damage caused by penetrating trauma's? Correct
Answer: The point of impact, the velocity and speed of impact, and the proximity to the object.
What causes the primary effects of blast traumas? Correct Answer: The direct blast effects. Types of
injuries include last long, tympanic membrane rupture and middle ear damage, abdominal hemorrhage
and perforation, global rupture, mild Trumatic brain injury.
What causes the secondary effects of blast traumas? Correct Answer: Projectiles propelled by the
explosion. Injuries include penetrating or blunt injuries or I penetration.
What causes the tertiary effects of blast traumas? Correct Answer: Results from individuals being
thrown by the blast wind. Injuries include hole or partial body translocation from being thrown against a
hard service: blunt or penetrating trauma's, fractures, traumatic amputations.
What causes quarternary effects of blast traumas? Correct Answer: All explosion related injuries,
illnesses, or diseases not due to the first three mechanisms. Injuries include external and internal burns,
crush injuries, closed and open brain injuries, asthmatic or breathing problems from dust smoke or toxic
fumes, angina, or hyper glycemia and hypertension.
What causes quinary effects of blasts traumas? Correct Answer: Those associated with exposure to
hazardous materials from radioactive, biologic, or chemical components of a blast. Injuries include a
variety of health effects depending on agent.
What are the three processes that transfer oxygen from the air to the lungs and blood stream Correct
Answer: Ventilation: the active mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs; diffusion: the
passive movement of gases from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; and
perfusion: the movement of blood to and from the lungs as a delivery medium of oxygen to the entire
body.
When would you use a nasopharyngeal airway versus an oral pharyngeal airway? Correct Answer:
Nasopharyngeal airways is contraindicated in patients with facial trauma or a suspected basilar skull
fracture. Oral pharyngeal airways is used in unresponsive patients unable to maintain their airway,
without a gag reflex as a temporary measure to facilitate ventilation with a bag mask device or
spontaneous ventilation until the patient can be intubated.
Describe the measurement of an NPA Correct Answer: Measure from the tip of the patient's nose to the
tip of the patients earlobe.
Measurement of an OPA Correct Answer: Place the proximal end or flange of the airway adjunct at the
corner of the mouth to the tip of the mandibular angle.
True or false: NPAs and OPAs are definitive airways. Correct Answer: False. When placing one of these?
One should consider the potential need for a definitive airway.
Name the three ways to confirm ETT placement Correct Answer: Placement of a CO2 monitoring device,
Assessing for equal chest rise and fall, and listening at the epigastrium and four lung fields for equal
breath sounds.
