Test Bank - Essentials of Pathophysiology 4th Edition by Porth

This is a complete and an all-inclusive guide to Test Bank - Essentials of Pathophysiology 4th Edition by Porth. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by: A) bound and transmembrane proteins. B) complex, long carbohydrate chains. C) surface antigens and hormone receptors. D) a gating system of selective ion channels. 4. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes chemical messenger systemsthat: A) displacesurface receptorproteins. B) accumulate within cell gap junctions. C) bind to contractile microfilaments. Test Bank - Essentials of Pathophysiology (4th Edition by Porth) 2 D) release secretions into extracellular fluid. 5. Aerobicmetabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by: A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP. B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water. C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm. D) breaking down glucose to form lactic acid. 6. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in _______ into the extracellular fluid. A) Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteinsfor transport B) Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms C) Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances D) Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion 7. The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is: A) diffusion of current-carrying ions. B) millivoltage of electrical potential. C) polarization of charged particles. D) ion channel neurotransmission. 8. Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of layers. Which of the following is a correctly matched description and type of epithelial tissue? A) Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix; some do not extend to surface B) Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on basement membrane C) Glandular epithelium: arise from surface epithelia and underlying connective tissue D) Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells; deepest layer rests on basement membrane Test Bank - Essentials of Pathophysiology (4th Edition by Porth) 3 9. Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for: A) providing a fibrous framework for capillaries. B) synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers. C) formingtendons and the fascia that covers muscles. D) filling spaces between tissues to keep organs in place. 10. Although all muscle tissue cells have some similarities, smooth muscle (also known as involuntary muscle) differs by: A) having dense bodies attached to actin filaments. B) containing sarcomeres between Z lines and M bands. C) having rapid contractions and abundant cross-striations. D) contracting in response to increased intracellular calcium. 11. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by ribosomal RNA (rRNA)A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis 12. Breakdown and removalof foreign substances and worn-out cell parts are performed by which of the following organelles? A) Lysosomes B) Golgi apparatus C) Ribosomes D) Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 13. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in: Test Bank - Essentials of Pathophysiology (4th Edition by Porth) 4 A) inadequate sites for protein synthesis. B) an inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane. C) insufficient energy production within a cell. D) accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm. 14. After several months of trying to conceive, a couple is undergoing fertility testing. Semen analysis indicates that the man’s sperm have decreased motility, a finding that is thought to underliethe couple’s inability to become pregnant. Which of the following cellular components may be defective within the man’s sperm? A) Ribosomes B) Microtubules C) Mitochondria D) Microfilaments 15. Which of the following statements is true of glycolysis? A) Glycolysis requiresoxygen. B) Glycolysis occurs in cells without mitochondria. C) Glycolysis provides the majority of the body’s energy needs. D) Glycolysis produces energy, water, and carbon dioxide. 16. Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms requiresthe greatest amount of energy? A) Facilitated diffusion B) Passive transport C) Vesicular transport D) Simple diffusion 17. A male patient with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetesmellitusis experiencing hyperglycemia because he lacks sufficient insulin to increasethe availability of glucose transporters in his cell membranes. Consequently, his cells lack intracellular glucose and it accumulates in his blood. Which of the Test Bank - Essentials of Pathophysiology (4th Edition by Porth) 5 following processes would best allow glucose to cross his cell membranes? A) Facilitated diffusion B) Simple diffusion C) Secondary active transport D) Endocytosis 18. Which of the following statements is true of skeletal muscle cells? A) Skeletalmuscle cells each have an apical, lateral, and basal surface. B) They are closely apposedand are joined by cell-to-cell adhesion molecules. C) Their basal surface is attached to a basement membrane. D) Skeletalmuscle is multinucleated, lacking true cell boundaries.