Test Bank for Pharmacology for the Surgical Technologist 5th Edition by Howe

Test Bank for Pharmacology for the Surgical Technologist 5th Edition by Howe/ Chapter 01: Basic Pharmacology MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A drug that binds to a receptor and stimulates its function is said to be a(n) drug. a. agonist b. antagonist c. idiosyncratic d. pharmacokinetic ANS: A Agonist drugs bind to or have an affinity (attraction) for a receptor and cause a particular response. DIF: 1 REF: 14 TOP: AST Core Curriculum X:B:1:b, agonist 2. Which factor is not used for the classification of drugs? a. Therapeutic action b. Physiological action c. Affected body system d. Source of origin ANS: D Drugs are classified by what they do, what they affect, what they are not, and what they are. DIF: 1 REF: 4 TOP: AST Core Curriculum X:B:2, therapeutic actions 3. An anticoagulant drug is classified by its a. chemical type. b. source of origin. c. physiologic action. d. therapeutic action. ANS: D Therapeutic action describes what the drug does for a patient; in this example, it works against coagulation. DIF: 1 REF: 4 TOP: AST Core Curriculum X:B:2:a, indications 4. Prescriptions must include all of the following information except a. name of the drug. b. patient’s social security number. c. drug dosage. d. route of administration of the drug. ANS: B Prescriptions must include the date, name of the patient, name of the drug, dosage, route of administration, and frequency or time of administration. The patient’s social security number will be in the chart but not on a prescription. DIF: 1 REF: 5 TOP: AST Core Curriculum XI:B:2, prescription medications 5. An order for a drug to be given as needed is called a order. a. standing b. oral c. stat d. PRN ANS: D PRN stands for pro re nata, which means that the drug may be given as needed. DIF: 1 REF: 5 TOP: AST Core Curriculum XI:D:3:d, PRN 6. What does the abbreviation sos mean on a prescription? a. One half b. Once, if necessary c. Without d. As desired ANS: B sos means once, if necessary (see Table 1.3). DIF: 1 REF: 5 TOP: AST Core Curriculum XI:B:2, prescription medications 7. How is an order for a drug to be taken every 4 hours indicated on a prescription? a. q4h b. qid c. qod d. qs ANS: A The q means every; the actual number of hours is inserted before the h, which means hours (see Table 1.4). DIF: 3 REF: 7 TOP: AST Core Curriculum XI:B:2, prescription medications 8. How is an order for a drug to be given three times a day indicated on a prescription? a. q3h b. hs c. qh d. tid ANS: D tid means three times a day (see Table 1.4). DIF: 1 REF: 7 TOP: AST Core Curriculum XI:B:2, prescription medications 9. Which form of drug preparation tends to act more quickly? a. Solid b. Semisolid c. Liquid d. Gas ANS: D Absorption of drugs given by inhalation is rapid, especially gases such as inhalation anesthetics, because of the huge numbers of capillaries in the alveoli of the lungs. DIF: 2 REF: 7 TOP: AST Core Curriculum XI:G:1, gas 10. Which abbreviation indicates an ointment form of a given drug? a. gtts b. ung c. susp d. soln ANS: B ung means ointment (see Table 1.5). DIF: 1 REF: 7 TOP: AST Core Curriculum XI:G:4, semisolid 11. Which abbreviation indicates that a drug is to be given orally? a. IM b. PO c. IV d. SC ANS: B PO means per os or by mouth. DIF: 1 REF: 8 TOP: AST Core Curriculum XI:H:4, PO 12. How is a medication administered by any route except the mouth? a. Systemically b. Sublingually c. Parenterally d. Subcutaneously ANS: C The term parenteral indicates any route other than the digestive tract. DIF: 3 REF: 9 TOP: AST Core Curriculum XI:H:1, injection/parenteral 13. is the study of the four basic processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in response to drugs. a. Pharmacokinetics b. Pharmacodynamics c. Biotransformation d. Sympathomimetics ANS: A The study of pharmacokinetics focuses on how the body processes drugs. DIF: 1 REF: 11 TOP: AST Core Curriculum X:A:2, pharmacokinetics 14. Distribution of drugs within the body is carried out through which body system? a. Respiratory b. Circulatory c. Integumentary d. Urinary ANS: B Once a drug has been absorbed into the bloodstream, it is transported throughout the body by the circulatory system. Drug molecules eventually diffuse out of the bloodstream to the site of action in the process called distribution. DIF: 2 REF: 12 TOP: AST Core Curriculum X:A:2:b, distribution 15. The time between the administration of a drug and the first appearance of its effects is called a. peak effect. b. onset. c. duration. d. reaction time. ANS: B The time between the administration of a drug and the first appearance of effects is called the onset. DIF: 1 REF: 15 TOP: AST Core Curriculum X:A:3:a, onset 16. Which group of drugs is known as receptor blockers? a. Antagonists b. Agonists c. Antipyretics d. Analgesics ANS: A Drugs that bind to a receptor and prevent a response are called antagonists (Fig. 1.17). Antagonists are also called receptor blockers. DIF: 2 REF: 14 TOP: AST Core Curriculum X:B:1:c, antagonist 17. An expected but unintended effect of a drug is termed a(n) effect. a. idiosyncratic b. adverse c. synergic d. side ANS: D A side effect is a predictable but unintended effect of a drug. DIF: 1 REF: 15 TOP: AST Core Curriculum X:B:3:a, side effects 18. Malignant hyperthermia is a(n) effect to certain drugs. a. idiosyncratic b. adverse c. local d. side ANS: A Most idiosyncratic drug reactions are thought to occur in people with some genetic abnormality, causing either an excessive or an inadequate response to a drug. For example, malignant hyperthermia (see Chapter 16) is a life-threatening response to certain drugs and is attributable to a genetic defect. DIF: 3 REF: 15 TOP: AST Core Curriculum X:B:3:b, adverse effects 19. Which drug form is used the least in the surgical department? a. Semisolid b. Solid c. Liquid d. Gas ANS: B Solids such as capsules and tablets, are rarely used in surgery, because oral administration is required. DIF: 2 REF: 7 TOP: AST Core Curriculum XI:G:3, solid 20. When a drug travels from the site of administration into the bloodstream, it is called a. absorption. b. distribution. c. metabolism. d. excretion. ANS: A Absorption is the process by which a drug is taken into the body and moves from the site of administration into the blood. DIF: 2 REF: 11 TOP: AST Core Curriculum X:A:2:a, absorption 21. Drugs are chemically altered via a process called metabolism in the a. lungs. b. colon. c. kidney. d. liver. ANS: D The chemical composition of a drug is changed in the liver by a process called metabolism or biotransformation. DIF: 1 REF: 12 TOP: AST Core Curriculum X:A:2:c, metabolism 22. Most drugs are excreted and eliminated by the a. lungs b. colon c. kidney d. liver ANS: C Some drug molecules are eliminated in the bile, feces, or skin, but most unchanged drugs and metabolites are excreted by the kidneys and eliminated in urine (Fig. 1.16). DIF: 1 REF: 14 TOP: AST Core Curriculum X:A:2:d, excretion 23. A drug that enhances the effect of another drug is called a(n) a. agonist. b. synergist. c. antagonist. d. receptor blocker. ANS: B A drug that enhances the effect of another drug is called a synergist. DIF: 1 REF: 14 TOP: AST Core Curriculum X:B:1:a, synergist 24. Which type of drug binds to receptor site proteins and then inhibits a response? a. Agonist b. Synergist c. Antagonist d. Electrolyte ANS: C Drugs that bind to a receptor and prevent a response are called antagonists. DIF: 2 REF: 14 TOP: AST Core Curriculum X:B:1:c, antagonist 25. What is the considered the purpose for giving a medication? a. Duration b. Biotransformation c. Indication d. Distribution ANS: C The reason or purpose for giving a medication is called an indication. DIF: 1 REF: 15 TOP: AST Core Curriculum X:B:2:a, indications 26. The abbreviation bid represents a. twice a day. b. three times a day. c. four times a day. d. immediately. ANS: A bid means twice a day. DIF: 1 REF: 7 TOP: AST Core Curriculum XI:B:2, prescription medications 27. The abbreviation NPO represents a. discontinue. b. immediately. c. keep vein open. d. nothing by mouth. ANS: D NPO means nothing by mouth. DIF: 1 REF: 7 TOP: AST Core Curriculum XI:B:2, prescription medications 28. A surgical patient is given a drug during surgery and suspects he or she is having a delayed allergic reaction to the drug, several days later. Which symptom indicates that the patient may be having a delayed drug reaction? a. Drowsiness b. Circulatory collapse c. Joint swelling d. Excessive anticoagulation ANS: C Delayed drug reactions occur days or weeks after a drug is taken and can include fever and joint swelling. DIF: 2 REF: 15 TOP: AST Core Curriculum X:B:3:a, side effects 29. All are terms used to describe the body’s response or reaction to medications, except a. idiosyncratic. b. contraindication. c. side effect. d. hypersensitivity. ANS: B A contraindication is a reason against giving a particular drug. DIF: 1 REF: 15 TOP: AST Core Curriculum X:B:2:b, contraindication 30. What drug is given as an antidote to warfarin? a. Vitamin K b. Amoxicillin c. Mannitol d. Succinylcholine ANS: A Vitamin K is given as an antidote for warfarin if the patient has been over-anticoagulated because vitamin K cancels out the effect of warfarin. DIF: 2 REF: 14 TOP: AST Core Curriculum XIII:A:3, anticoagulants and fibrinolytics 31. Volatile anesthetic agents are eliminated from the body via a. the kidneys. b. the skin. c. the circulatory system. d. the lungs. ANS: D Notable exceptions to urinary excretion are the volatile anesthetic agents, which are excreted by the lungs. DIF: 2 REF: 13 TOP: AST Core Curriculum V:I:1:c, isoflurane | AST Core Curriculum V:I:1:d, desflurane | AST Core Curriculum V:I:1:e, sevoflurane 32. Which drug administration route causes many drugs to undergo the “first-pass effect”? a. Sublingual b. Oral c. Transdermal d. Inhalation ANS: B Since oral drugs enter the liver through the hepatic portal system, many undergo the first-pass effect, which means they may be altered or nearly inactivated when passing through the liver, potentially reducing the drug’s effectiveness. DIF: 3 REF: 13 TOP: AST Core Curriculum X:A:2:a, absorption | AST Core Curriculum XI:H:4, oral route 33. Why would a local anesthetic, injected into an infected wound, not produce the intended effect? a. Because the local anesthetic was not strong enough b. Because the local anesthetic was not absorbed c. Because the local anesthetic could not reach the site of action d. Because the local anesthetic could not bind to proteins ANS: C When a local anesthetic is injected into an infected wound, the local becomes ionized and cannot enter the lipid membrane of the nerves to reach the site of action. See Insight 1.3. DIF: 3 REF: 12 TOP: AST Core Curriculum VI:A:1, injection | AST Core Curriculum VI:B:1:a, lidocaine | AST Core Curriculum VI:B:1:b, bupivacaine | AST Core Curriculum VI:B:1:c, mepivacaine 34. How is antibiotic irrigation applied during surgery? a. Parenteral b. Topical c. Inhalation d. Emulsion ANS: B Topical antibiotic irrigation is common in surgery, in which case an antibiotic solution is poured or squirted into the surgical site. DIF: 2 REF: 9 TOP: AST Core Curriculum XIII:A:20, irrigation solutions 35. Many antibiotics used in surgery come in form and must be reconstituted. a. liquid b. gas c. ointment d. powder ANS: D Some drugs come in powder form and are contained in glass vials. Such powders must be mixed with a liquid (reconstituted) with sterile water or sodium chloride. DIF: 1 REF: 7 TOP: AST Core Curriculum IX:D:1, combining 36. The study of drugs derived from natural sources is called a. pharmacology. b. biotechnology. c. pharmacokinetics. d. pharmacognosy. ANS: D The study of drugs derived from natural sources is called pharmacognosy. DIF: 1 REF: 2 TOP: AST Core Curriculum XI:F:1, Plants | AST Core Curriculum XI:F:2, animals | AST Core Curriculum XI:F:3, minerals 37. Demerol is an example of a a. synthetic drug. b. hormone. c. semisynthetic. d. natural drug. ANS: A Meperidine (Demerol) is an example of a synthetic drug; it is made from chemicals. DIF: 1 REF: 3 TOP: AST Core Curriculum XI:F:4, laboratory synthesis MATCHING Match the following terms with the correct definitions. a. Adverse effect b. Bioavailability c. Biotechnology d. Biotransformation e. Side effect