NUR 2063 PATHO STUDY GUIDE Q&A

• A client develops weakness in both lower extremities following a prolonged period of bed rest. This condition is most likely caused by o Atrophy o Dysplasia o Hypertrophy o Hyperplasia • A disease that is native to a particular region is called o Epidemic o Endemic o Pandemic o Ethnographic • A heart that has to pump harder in order to effectively circulate blood is likely to undergo which type of cellular adaptation? o Atrophy o Hyperplasia o Hypertrophy o Metaplasia • A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of this disease. This stage of illness is called the _____ stage. o Prodromal o Acute o Latent o Clinical • Abnormal new cellular growth is referred to as o Apoptosis o Neoplasia o Proto-oncogene o Suppressor genes • After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor, your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma. Thus, the tumor o Is benign o Is malignant o Is secondary to cancer elsewhere in the body o Has spread • All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except o Necrosis o Metaplasia o Atrophy o Hyperplasia • *Allostasis is best defined as o Provides a surge of energy and physical alterations to either evade or confront danger o Point where body can no longer return to homeostasis o Activity of the nervous and endocrine systems in returning the body to homeostasis o The overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain survival and wellbeing • An increase in organ size and function due to increased workload is termed o Atrophy o Hypertrophy o Functional o Inflammation • An increase in which of these characteristics would be present in cells that demonstrate hypertrophy? o Lipofuscin o Size of cells o Number of cells o Size of vacuoles • *An important mediator of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is o Mast cells o Basophils o Histamines o Plasma cells • Anemia of chronic renal failure is caused by lack of o Erythropoietin o Iron o Hemoglobin o Folic acid • Cancer grading is based on o Cell differentiation o Location of spreading o Patterns of spreading o Non-histolic characteristics • C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3° F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.'s disease is o A sore throat o Streptococcal infection o Genetic susceptibility o Pharyngitis • In muscle hypertrophy, the hypertrophied cells increase in o Size o Number o Calcium o Accumulations • Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as o Carcinomas o Sarcomas o Papilloma o Oncogenese • Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated b