Samenvatting Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, ISBN: 9781138064768 Purchasing & Supply Chain Management (EBB742B05)

P&SCM summary
Lecture 1 : Week 36.................................................................................................................................. 2
1.1 Core concepts ................................................................................................................................. 2
1.2 TCE & RBV ....................................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Sustainability perspective .............................................................................................................. 7
Lecture 2 : Week 37.................................................................................................................................. 8
2.1 Supply chain strategy ..................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Operations .................................................................................................................................... 10
2.3 Supply chain sustainability ........................................................................................................... 11
Lecture 3 : Week 38................................................................................................................................ 14
3.1 purchasing process ....................................................................................................................... 14
3.2 Sourcing strategies ....................................................................................................................... 16
Lecture 4 : Week 39................................................................................................................................ 20
4.1 Buyer supplier relationship .......................................................................................................... 20
4.2 portfolio models ........................................................................................................................... 22
Lecture 5 : Week 41................................................................................................................................ 26
5.1 Services................................................................................................................................... 26
5.2 product service combinations ...................................................................................................... 27
5.3 Purchasing sustainable services ................................................................................................... 28
Lecture 6: Week 42 ................................................................................................................................ 29
Lecture 7: Week 43 ................................................................................................................................ 34
7.1 Humanitarian operations ............................................................................................................. 34
7.2 Humanitarian operations #2 ........................................................................................................ 34
Tutorial 2 ................................................................................................................................................ 37
Main points ........................................................................................................................................ 37

,Lecture 1 : Week 36
Chapters: 1, 5 and 6

1.1 Core concepts
What is purchasing management -> management of firms external resources

- Ensuring supply of goods to perform the firm’s primary and support activities (Van Weele,
2010)

Purchasing today – trends book p.3-5

- From administrative to strategic function
- From buying materials/parts to buying competence
- From cost focus to performance focus

What is supply chain management (SCM)

- The management of upstream and downstream relations with suppliers and customers to
deliver superior customer value at less costs to the SC as a whole (Christopher, 1998)

Relation between purchasing and SCM

- Two different views by Larsen & Halldorsson, 2002




- Traditionalist conceive SCM as a strategic aspect of purchasing, with emphasis on supplier
development
- Relabelling simply change the name of purchasing to SCM, purchasing has already evolved to
SCM.

, - Unionist This perspective sees purchasing as part of SCM; SCM completely subsumes
purchasing.
- Intersectionist -> The intersection concept is that SCM is not the union of logistics,
operations, and purchasing. Rather, it includes elements from all of these disciplines.

The books takes a unionist perspective!!!

SCM and Purchasing relatedness

- Relationships
- Management of activities
- Performance

But they have a different focus, scope and performance aims!




1.2 TCE & RBV
(Out)sourcing -> what to make in-house? vs. what to buy?

Why outsource?

- Decrease production costs
- Access to good-quality suppliers
- Gain access to markets
- Gain access to scarce resources

Global sourcing -> practice of contracting out activities or functions to specialized suppliers around
the world

- Progress towards global sourcing (in levels)
o Level 1 Domestic -> no knowledge of international opportunities
o Level 2&3 International -> some infrastructure
o Level 4&5 Global -> global infrastructure

Make or buy decision: underlying theory

- Transaction Cost Economics (TCE)
- Resource based View (RBV) & core competencies

, Transaction costs -> cost incurred in making any economic exchange for instance buying and selling
goods and services gathering market information, price, invoicing and payment, writing a contract,
and process of negotiation between buyer and supplier.

Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) -> make or buy decision based on minimization of transaction costs

- Assets specificity to what extent are assets unique to a specific task (asset uniqueness)
- Potential for opportunistic behaviour, what are the cost of reducing uncertainty
- Make or buy?
o High? Make (high assets specificity and high potential for opportunistic behaviour)
o Low? Buy
o Hybrid long term contracts, alliances

Resource-based view (RBV) -> focuses on the unique resources and capabilities within a company:

- Sources of sustainable competitive advantage like: skills, resources, competencies
- VRIN Valuable, Rare, Inimitable and Non-substitutable
- Core? Then make
- Non-core? Then outsource

Extended resource-based view -> RBV but with relations outside the company (strategic resources)

- Collaboration to obtain sources of sustainable competitive advantage

Interaction approach -> buyer-supplier relationship and network theory

- Protect internal resources by access important resources through external relationships

What are core competencies? (by Hamel & Prahalad, 1990):

- Deliver customer value
- Differentiate firm from competitors
- Can potentially be extended and developed
- Characteristics: Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, Non-substitutable (VRIN)
- Make or buy? -> closer to the core of business keep it in-house!

Example Coca Cola make or buy based on RBV




Outsourcing and purchasing & SCM

Outsourcing decision…

- Contracting out activities to specialized suppliers