Summary
Linguistics 2
Analysing Sentences
Chapters 1-8
,Index
Index 1
Chapter 1 4
What is structure? 4
Tree Diagrams 4
Phrases 4
Establishing constituents 5
‘Phrase’ and ‘constituent’ 5
Chapter 2 6
Subject and predicate 6
Subject 6
Predicate 6
Noun Phrase and Verb Phrase 6
Noun Phrase 6
Verb Phrase 6
Dependency and function 6
Head 6
Modifier 6
Complement 7
Recursive phrases 7
Chapter 3 8
Distribution 8
Categories 8
Lexical categories 8
Phrasal categories 8
Nouns 8
Proper nouns 8
Common nouns 8
Pronouns 9
Lexical and phrasal categories 9
Noun and Noun phrase 9
Verb and Verb phrase 9
Adjective Phrases and Adverb Phrases 9
Representing Adjective phrases 9
Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases 10
Coordinate Phrases 10
Chapter 4 11
First look at verbs 11
1
, Lexical verbs 11
Auxiliary verbs 11
Complements of lexical verbs 11
Two types of complements to a verb 11
Objects 11
Predicatives 11
Six sub-categories of lexical verbs 12
Transitive verbs 12
Intransitive verbs 12
Ditransitive verbs 12
Intensive 13
Complex transitive 13
Prepositional 13
Six sub-categories of lexical verbs table 14
Chapter 5 15
Adverbials 15
Adjunct adverbials 15
Disjunct adverbials (XP) 15
Conjunct adverbials (XP) 15
Phrasal Verbs 16
Ellipsis (E) 16
Chapter 6 - Part 1 17
Lexical and auxiliary verbs 17
Contrast 17
Tense and Time 17
Subject-verb agreement in complex VPs 17
English has no future tense 17
Tense for first in the sequence 17
Modals must be tensed 17
Distributional division of English verbs 18
Modals 18
Perfect ‘HAVE’ 18
Progressive ‘BE’ 19
‘HAVE’ and ‘BE’ 19
Passive ‘BE’ 19
The Syntax of VPs containing Auxiliary verbs 19
Stacked VPs 19
Auxiliary Verb Phrases and Adverbials 20
Chapter 6 - Part 2 21
Constructions that depend on auxiliaries 21
2
, Passive sentences 21
Negative sentences 22
Questions 22
More on have and be 23
Have 23
Be 23
Chapter 7 24
The structure of Noun Phrases 24
Determiners 24
Articles (ART) 24
Demonstratives (DEM) 24
Quantifying determiners (quantifiers) (Q) 25
Possessives 25
The Empty determiner ( ) 25
Pre-determiners 26
Pre-modifiers in NOM 26
Adjective Phrases 26
Quantifying adjectives (QA) 26
Participle phrases (PartP) 27
Nouns 27
The structure of NOM 27
Post-modifiers 28
Prepositional phrases 28
Adjective phrases 29
Modification of pronouns 29
NOM and the pro-NOM one 30
Chapter 8 31
Sentences within sentences 31
Complementisers: that and whether 32
Functions of that- and whether-clauses 33
Subject - and extraposed subject 33
Object extraposition 33
Direct objects that are bare S’ 34
3
Linguistics 2
Analysing Sentences
Chapters 1-8
,Index
Index 1
Chapter 1 4
What is structure? 4
Tree Diagrams 4
Phrases 4
Establishing constituents 5
‘Phrase’ and ‘constituent’ 5
Chapter 2 6
Subject and predicate 6
Subject 6
Predicate 6
Noun Phrase and Verb Phrase 6
Noun Phrase 6
Verb Phrase 6
Dependency and function 6
Head 6
Modifier 6
Complement 7
Recursive phrases 7
Chapter 3 8
Distribution 8
Categories 8
Lexical categories 8
Phrasal categories 8
Nouns 8
Proper nouns 8
Common nouns 8
Pronouns 9
Lexical and phrasal categories 9
Noun and Noun phrase 9
Verb and Verb phrase 9
Adjective Phrases and Adverb Phrases 9
Representing Adjective phrases 9
Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases 10
Coordinate Phrases 10
Chapter 4 11
First look at verbs 11
1
, Lexical verbs 11
Auxiliary verbs 11
Complements of lexical verbs 11
Two types of complements to a verb 11
Objects 11
Predicatives 11
Six sub-categories of lexical verbs 12
Transitive verbs 12
Intransitive verbs 12
Ditransitive verbs 12
Intensive 13
Complex transitive 13
Prepositional 13
Six sub-categories of lexical verbs table 14
Chapter 5 15
Adverbials 15
Adjunct adverbials 15
Disjunct adverbials (XP) 15
Conjunct adverbials (XP) 15
Phrasal Verbs 16
Ellipsis (E) 16
Chapter 6 - Part 1 17
Lexical and auxiliary verbs 17
Contrast 17
Tense and Time 17
Subject-verb agreement in complex VPs 17
English has no future tense 17
Tense for first in the sequence 17
Modals must be tensed 17
Distributional division of English verbs 18
Modals 18
Perfect ‘HAVE’ 18
Progressive ‘BE’ 19
‘HAVE’ and ‘BE’ 19
Passive ‘BE’ 19
The Syntax of VPs containing Auxiliary verbs 19
Stacked VPs 19
Auxiliary Verb Phrases and Adverbials 20
Chapter 6 - Part 2 21
Constructions that depend on auxiliaries 21
2
, Passive sentences 21
Negative sentences 22
Questions 22
More on have and be 23
Have 23
Be 23
Chapter 7 24
The structure of Noun Phrases 24
Determiners 24
Articles (ART) 24
Demonstratives (DEM) 24
Quantifying determiners (quantifiers) (Q) 25
Possessives 25
The Empty determiner ( ) 25
Pre-determiners 26
Pre-modifiers in NOM 26
Adjective Phrases 26
Quantifying adjectives (QA) 26
Participle phrases (PartP) 27
Nouns 27
The structure of NOM 27
Post-modifiers 28
Prepositional phrases 28
Adjective phrases 29
Modification of pronouns 29
NOM and the pro-NOM one 30
Chapter 8 31
Sentences within sentences 31
Complementisers: that and whether 32
Functions of that- and whether-clauses 33
Subject - and extraposed subject 33
Object extraposition 33
Direct objects that are bare S’ 34
3
