Summary REPRODUCTION STUDY GUIDE

What is one of the most common forms of cancer occurring in the male.  Prostatic cancer occurs in older men, is slow growing, and is not highly invasive.  Individuals experiencing this cancer typically have high levels of prostatic-specific antigen in their blood.  Most occur in the periphery of the prostate. o HPV and the development of cervical cancer  Cervical cancer is almost exclusively caused by cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Infection with high￾risk types of HPV is a necessary precursor to development of cervical dysplasia, otherwise known as the precancerous cell changes that lead to invasive cancer.  Precancerous dysplasia, also called cervical intraepithelial carcinoma (CIN) and cervical carcinoma in situ (CIS), is a more advanced form of these cell changes. Importantly, cervical dysplasia can be detected noninvasively through examination of the cervical cells. If dysplasia is detected early, treatment is available to prevent invasive cancer.  High-risk HPV may persist and cause abnormal cellular changes that can become cancerous. Most HPV infections are cleared by the immune system; the vast majority of infections do not cause cervical cancer. For this reason, screening for cervical cancer before age 21 is not recommended.