Samenvatting engels taalbeheersing 2

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFIENCY 2
PHONETICS

TERMINOLOGY

IPA = International Phonetic Alphabet

Phonology = classification of sounds within the system of a particular
language

 Organizing sounds: combining consonants with vowels = syllable

SUBFIELDS

- Articulatory phonetics speech sound production
- Acoustic phonetics speech sound transmission
- Auditory phonetics speech sound reception

TRANSCRIPTION RULES

1. Multisyllabic words: 1 syllable carries primary stress

 Stressing a different syllable can lead to:
o Others not understanding
o Changing the meaning
(REcord – reCORD)
 In phonetics: use ‘ before stressed syllabe (hyphen symbol)

2. Transcriptions appear between 2 forward slashes /…/
3. Syllable boundaries: indicated by full stop symbol

CONSONANTS

=
speech
sounds
that
involve closure/narrowing the
vocal tract

, CHARACTERISATION
Place of articulation Front or back
Manner of articulation How the sound is made
Voiceless or voiced - Voiced: produced with vocal
chords  vibration in throat,
v,z,b,…
- Voiceless: no help from vocal
chords  p,t,k,…



MINIMAL PAIRS

= pairs of words in a language that differ in only one sound


Eg. Ship – chip  differ in initial consonant sound

VOWELS

= speech sound produced
without constriction of
the air flowing through the
mouth

MONOPHTHONGS

= vowel sound that doesn’t change when you pronounce it

 Hi, keen, you, … = pure vowels




CHARACTERISATION

1. Which part of the tongue is
raised?
a. Front vowels (eat)
b. Central vowels (up)

c. Back vowels (oops)