Maternity Pediatric Nursing LTI.

MATERNITY & PEDIATRIC Instructor: Mrs. Woroniecki RN, BSN P-BC NURSING Chapter 1 ATI Maternity: Contraception ◦ Contraception is defined as strategies or devices used to reduce the risk of fertilization or implantation in an attempt to prevent pregnancy. ◦ The nurse should collect data related to the clients’ needs, desire, and preference for contraception, identifying contraindications and support when necessary ◦ Methods of Contraception include: ◦ - Natural Family Planning ◦ - Barrier ◦ - Hormonal ◦ - Intrauterine Methods ◦ Surgical Procedures Abstinence ◦ Defined as abstaining from sexual intercourse ◦ Client Education: Refrain from sexual intercourse, thus eliminating the possibility of sperm entering the vagina ◦ Advantages: Most effective form of birth control ◦ Clients can use abstinence during the fertile period (rhythm method) ◦ There is no risk of STI (sexually transmitted infection) if there is no genital contact ◦ Disadvantage: Self Control ◦ Risks: If complete abstinence is followed; no risks associated Coitus Interruptus: Withdrawal Method ◦ Defined as withdrawing the penis from the vagina prior to ejaculation ◦ Client Education: fluid can leak ◦ Advantage: monogamous couples with no other form of BC available ◦ Disadvantage: One of the least effective methods/No protection from STI ◦ Risk: Trust in partner’s control/Pregnancy Risk ◦ “For every 100 people who use the pull out method perfectly, 4 will get pregnant. But pulling out can be difficult to do perfectly. ... If you use withdrawal for birth control, it's a good idea to keep emergency contraception (aka the morning-after pill) around, just in case semen (cum) gets in or near your vagina.” – PLANNED PARENTHOOD Calendar Method ◦ Recording of menstrual cycle by calculating fertile period ◦ Assumption that fertilization occurs 14 days before onset of next menstrual cycle (avoiding intercourse during that period) ◦ Ovum is viable for 24 hours ◦ Sperm have viability of 48-72 hours ◦ Client Education: Record number of days in cycle for at least 6 cycles (start with day one of menses) ◦ Fertile period is calculated by subtracting 18 days from the # of days in shortest cycle ◦ The end of the fertile period is calculated from subtracting 11 days from # of days in longest cycle ◦ EXAMPLE: ◦ Shortest Cycle 26-18= 8th day ◦ Longest Cycle 30-11 = 19th day ◦ Fertile Period is Day 8 through 19 ◦ * Avoid intercourse during this time period to avoid conception Example Calendar Method First Day of Period Number of Days in Cycle First Day of Period Number of Days in Cycle January 20 29 May 12 26 February 18 29 June 9 28 March 18 29 July 9 30 April 16 29 August 5 27 You must chart at least 6 cycles, but charting a few more months is even better. Here’s an examIf all of your cycles are shorter than 27 days, the calendar method won’t be accurate for you. Safe Days- Calendar Method ◦ What are the safe days to have sex when using the calendar method? ◦ To predict the first fertile day (when you can get pregnant) in your current cycle: ◦ Find the shortest cycle in your past record. ◦ Subtract 18 from the total number of days in that cycle. ◦ Count that number from day 1 of your current cycle, and mark that day with an X. (Include day 1 when you count.) ◦ The day marked X is your first fertile day