Poultry Production and Flock Health Management (BASC105A)
Notas de lectura
Class notes Poultry Production and Flock Health Management (BASC105A) Poultry Production in the Tropics, ISBN: 9789715426312
6 vistas 0 compra
Grado
Poultry Production and Flock Health Management (BASC105A)
Institución
De La Salle Araneta University
Book
Poultry Production in the Tropics
A summary of class notes (reviewer) on Poultry Production and Flock Health Management (BASC105A) to aid in your studies; with references to Poultry Production in the Tropics, ISBN: 6312
Class notes Poultry Production and Flock Health Management (BASC105A) Poultry Production in the Tropics, ISBN: 9789715426312
Class notes Poultry Production and Flock Health Management (BASC105B) Poultry Production in the Tropics, ISBN: 9789715426312
Todos para este libro de texto (3)
Escuela, estudio y materia
De La Salle Araneta University
Poultry Production and Flock Health Management (BASC105A)
Todos documentos para esta materia (3)
Vendedor
Seguir
vetprep777
Vista previa del contenido
Lesson 6: Layer Production & Hatchery ✓ Supply of good stocks
o chicks or ready-to-lay pullets (RTLPs)
Operation
should be bought from well-established
VOLUME OF CHICKEN EGG PROD & ANNUAL GROWTH & reliable hatcheries, growers, or
RATE PH: JULY-SEPT 2019-2021 dealers [RTLPS = ready to lay, around 18-20 weeks
old]
✓ Constant supply of farm inputs
o Availability of good quality feeds, feed
supplements, biologics, vaccines should
be considered [also includes utilities like water &
electricity, labor]
✓ Market assurance
[your eggs are bought & there is somewhere you can
sell it]
✓ Site of farm
o Farm established in areas not easily
flooded & not affected by typhoon
o Isolated from other farms & human
settlements [biosecurity]
- Egg production: 166,000 metric tons [8.1% higher ✓ Waste management
than the previous year w/c is 154,000 metric tons] o Distance from residential area to
- Distribution per region (metric ton) minimize problems in pollution
o CALABARZON = 50.40 thousand o Poultry waste can be considered an
o Central Luzon = 35.97 thousand additional income
o Central Visayas = 18.43 thousand
[Egg Basket of the Philippines: San Jose, Batangas →
highest producer of egg]
CRITERIA IN SELECTING EGG-TYPE STRAINS TO RAISE
LAYER CHICKEN INVENTORY [no. of layers] ✓ Performance
o Number, size, & quality of eggs
- As of Oct. 1, 2021, estimated at 61.47 million produced
birds o Consistent
- Distribution of total chicken laying flock o Age at sexual maturity, feed efficiency
inventory by region (as of 10/01/21) & livability
[on time sexual maturity; strains produce good eggs;
consistent egg sizes & laying performance]
✓ Availability
o Buy day-old or RTLPs from dependable
breeder-hatchery farms or dealers
✓ Consumer Preference
o Raiser must consider his target market
[egg demand, different prices; the larger the egg size,
the more expensive; others/low income prefer cheaper
prices = smaller egg sizes]
HOUSING & HOUSING FACILITIES
- Long & narrow
^ CALABARZON > Central Luzon > Northern Mindanao w/c are open on
CHICKEN LAYING FLOCK INVENTORY BY TYPE AS OF all sides
10/1/21 - Width: should not
be more than 20-
TYPE FLOCK INVENTORY 25ft to provide
Layer 63.3% free flow of air
Native/improved 36.7% - Length: depends
^ native also lays egg; brown egg = native → more flavorful than typical
white table egg on terrain of land
POINTERS IN STARTING A POULTRY FARM FOR TABLE TYPES OF ROOF
EGG PRODUCTION
- Gable
,SPACE REQUIREMENTS OF EGG-TYPE CHICKENS [PCCARD] ^ early maturity of layers = small eggs produced, low number for
the entirety of its life cycle; shorter productive life; NOT GOOD
FLOOR AREA
STAGE (m2/100 FEEDER WATERER
birds) MONITORING BODY WEIGHTS OF PULLETS
1 feeder (flat
container, 2 fountain- - Monitored weekly throughout growing period
inverted chick type (gallon-
until peak of egg production to establish mean
box lid, or size)
similar trays) waterers/100 flock weights
Brooding
(0-4 weeks)
7.0 per 100 chicks chicks during o Flock size of 1000 and below: 10% of
during the the first 2
the flock should be weighed
first few days, weeks, 1.5
then 5 cm/bird o Flock size of 1500-3000: 5-6%
cm/bird thereafter o Flock size of above 3500: 3%
thereafter ^ it is important to monitor the weight, but this still
Growing (7- depends on the kind of strain; note the recommended
16 weeks) weight for the specific strain, as given by stock supplier
Litter floor 14.0
6.0
6.5 cm/bird 2.0 cm/bird
All slat floor
Slat-litter floor 7.0 TRANSFER OF PULLETS TO THE LAYING HOUSE
Cages 4.0
Laying - Done 1 month before onset of egg production
(beyond 16
(14-16 weeks)
weeks) No. of
Cages Dimension layers/cage - Transfer the bird during fair weather or at night
[colder weather/temp. = less stress]
Multiple 60cm x 90cm 10 - Age of which the 1st egg is laid depends upon
Colony 91x 122 20 the breed of strain & the management:
generally, they come in laying production at
BROODING & GROWING HOUSE
about 18-20 weeks old
- Brooding house - Done 1 month before onset of egg production
o until 4-6 weeks of age (14-16 weeks)
[from day old to 4/6 weeks of age]
- Growing house OTHER PROBLEMS
o 6-16(or20) weeks of age
[ave. laying period = 18-20, but this depends on the - Toe & Feather picking
layer strains; others are 18/19/20; depends on when - Cannibalism among growing chickens [some strains
you transfer them from BH to GH] are prone to this]
^ sometimes BH & GH are combined = layer chicks until
fully grown into a layer chicken; others have (3)
o Possible causes
brooding house, growing house, & laying house; some ▪ Imbalanced rations
combine BH & GH then separate LH to save money ▪ Overcrowding & insufficient
feeding & drinking space
IDEAL TEMPERATURE FOR BROODING
▪ Extended period w/o feed &
Age of Chicks (weeks) Brooding Temperature (oC)
Day 1-2 34-36 water
Day 3-7 30-33 ▪ Poor ventilation
Week 2 28-29 ▪ Excessive heat & too much light
Week 3 26-27
in the growing house
Week 4 20-25
Week 5 Below 20
CANNIBALISM CAN BE MINIMIZED THROUGH
GROWING PULLETS
- Give rations containing the right quantity &
- End of brooding up to time they are ready to lay quality of protein recommended for the
their eggs [grower period: 6 weeks to 16 or 18 weeks, different ages of birds
depending on which period does laying fall on] - Provide birds w/ adequate floor, feed &
- Laying performance is greatly influenced by the drinking spaces
kind of management the birds received during - Maintain the right temperature & proper
the pre-laying period [broiler = important is brooding ventilation in the growing house
phase; layer = brooding + layer + growing phases; good mgmt. =
- Provide adequate & uniform light in the pen
good laying performance during laying period; good management
& performance during growing stage of pullets] - Practice debeaking (usually at 9 days of age)
LIGHT MANAGEMENT OF GROWING PULLETS Management of laying flock
✓ Do not increase length of light exposure of LIGHT MANAGEMENT OF LAYERS
, ^ natural daylight = 12 hrs.; to obtain 16 hrs., provide Eyes Bright Dull
artificial lighting Large, moist,
Small, dry,
- Cardinal rule: NEVER decrease the amount of Vent dilated, almost
constricted, round
light exposure during the laying period oval-shaped
[once increment has been done, it should NEVER be Pubic bone spread (2 Spread apart, 2 or Close together,
decreased = can affect egg laying performance] small bones extending more fingers can less than 2 fingers
along the sides of the be placed between can be placed
- Decrease in exposure = decrease in egg laying vent) them between them
performance Abdomen/Abdominal
- 2 examples of step-up lighting program Span (distance Soft & pliable, Hard & full,
between the end of expanded about 3- contracted abt 1-2
o Provide a 15min or 20min light keel or breastbone and 4 fingers in width fingers in width
increment per week until 16 hrs. of light the end of pubic bones)
per day is achieved Bleached or white Remains yellow
[from the start of laying period, you can Pigmentation (yellow after several even after several
now add artificial lighting for light exposure]
beak & shanks) months of months in the
production laying pen
o Provide a 30 min light increment every
2 weeks, and then a 15 min light Nutrition
increment every week until 16 hrs. of
light per day is achieved NUTRIENT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EGG-TYPE
[others’ problem: 20 weeks & laying period
CHICKENS
still hasn’t started = issue in lighting
program/lighting exposure]
MANAGEMENT TIPS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH-
QUALITY EGGS [table eggs]
✓ Keep nests, cages, & egg roll out as clean as
possible
✓ Clean egg trays & other containers
✓ Collect eggs at least 3x daily or as often as
possible [esp. if litter-type flooring & not battery cages → more
frequent egg collection = prevents contamination & soilage]
✓ Classify eggs according to standard size
immediately after collection [by weight; separate
dirty/cracked from good ones; clean soiled eggs] RECOMMENDED DIETARY TRACE MINERALS &
✓ Keep eggs in cool storage room VITAMINS FOR EGG TYPE CHICKENS
o Preferably 10o-15.6oC w/ relative
humidity of 70%
^ if no storage is available, use within 3 days to
maintain freshness
FLOCK REPLACEMENT PROGRAM
- 1 Laying Cycle: 80 weeks
- Reproduction of 20% in egg production is
incurred annually after 1st laying period
[egg production decreases as egg age +
decreased/depleted nutrients]
- Start new batch of pullets 5-6 months before
schedule of disposal of old flock
[for continuous operation]
CULLING
✓ Sick
✓ Non-laying
✓ Poor producers
✓ Missexed chicks FEEDING MANAGEMENT
[male = can’t lay eggs; useless; for disposal; often fed
to wildlife; colored chicks] - Day 1 – 6 weeks
✓ Should be done in the afternoon: 3 pm when o Chick starter mash
most birds have laid eggs - 6 – 12 weeks
[eggs often lay eggs when shocked or surprised → may
, ▪ Excessive weight gain at 12-18 o Magnum
weeks of age should be avoided ▪ albumen-secreting portion of
[may affect laying performance; target the oviduct [longest portion; developing
weight depends on strain & provided by the spends 3 hrs. here]
supplier]
▪ has 4 layers
PRELAY CALCIUM NUTRITION OF PULLETS • chalazae – twisted
cords from opposite
- 1% Ca in the grower/developer diet poles of the yolk; tends
[provided bcs eggs are made of calcium = needs large to keep the yolk
Ca deposit; extra reserves of calcium from diet; bones =
highest source of calcium]
centralized after the
- Recommended that the above mentioned not egg is laid
be used after appearance of 1st egg from the • liquid inner white
flock & to 50% of egg production • dense inner white –
make up the largest
FEEDING PRE-LAY DIET portion of the egg
albumen
- Used primarily to condition calcium metabolism • outer thin white [mismong
of pullets egg]
- Feed from 16-18 weeks of age o Isthmus
- Diet contains: 17% CP, 2850 kcal ME/kg & 2.0% ▪ where inner & outer shell
Ca membranes are formed in such
- High fat, high energy is also useful a manner as to represent the
- Increase linoleic acid (>1%), protein/amino acids final shape of an egg [eggs take
shape] [eggs stay here for 1.5 hrs]
(esp. methionine)
o Uterus
FEEDING LAYERS ▪ primarily the shell gland [where
shells are formed; shell = final component of
albumen] [longest; eggs stay here for 19-20
- Phase feeding using Layer Rations I & II hrs.]
o Layer Ration I o Vagina
▪ Fed at start of egg-laying up to
5-6 months CP (17-18%) w. 3.0-
3.5% Ca
o Layer Ration II
▪ Fed after 6 months or when
layers have reached post peak
production CP (16-17%) w/
3.5—5% Ca
[lower CP bcs lower req. for such but Ca req
is high bcs at this age, peak performance?]
DAILY NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT OF LAYERS
Nutrient Requirement
Crude Protein 17 g
Metabolizable Energy (ME) 280kcal
Methionine + Cystine 640 mg
Lysine 720 mg
Calcium 3.5 g
Phosphorus 0.40 g
Sodium 0.18 g
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- Ovary
o Responsible for yolk formation + ovum;
only the left ovary & oviduct are functional
- Oviduct [IMIsUV]
EGG FORMATION
o Infundibulum
▪ funnel-shaped upper portion of Yolk is not the true reproductive cell, but a
the oviduct source of food material from w/c the minute
Los beneficios de comprar resúmenes en Stuvia estan en línea:
Garantiza la calidad de los comentarios
Compradores de Stuvia evaluaron más de 700.000 resúmenes. Así estas seguro que compras los mejores documentos!
Compra fácil y rápido
Puedes pagar rápidamente y en una vez con iDeal, tarjeta de crédito o con tu crédito de Stuvia. Sin tener que hacerte miembro.
Enfócate en lo más importante
Tus compañeros escriben los resúmenes. Por eso tienes la seguridad que tienes un resumen actual y confiable.
Así llegas a la conclusión rapidamente!
Preguntas frecuentes
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
100% de satisfacción garantizada: ¿Cómo funciona?
Nuestra garantía de satisfacción le asegura que siempre encontrará un documento de estudio a tu medida. Tu rellenas un formulario y nuestro equipo de atención al cliente se encarga del resto.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller vetprep777. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for $9.24. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
