Analysewerkzeug
Linking Words
- Adding information:
as well, furthermore, moreover, in addition, above all, what is more
- Summarizing:
all in all, accordingly, as a result, therefore, to conclude, taking everything into account
- Giving a reason:
due to the fact that, because, for this reason/purpose, in order to, this is why, hence, since
- Contrasting ideas:
although, despite the fact that, nevertheless, in contrast, one the one hand … on the other hand, on
the contrary, instead of, whereas
- Comparing ideas:
compared to, in the same way, likewise
- Emphasizing facts:
in fact, actually, undoubtly, ideally
- Reformulating:
in other words, or rather
- Giving opinions:
I think, I believe, from my point of view, to my way of thinking
- Condition:
even if, on the condition that, as long as, unless, in case
- Reference:
according to, with reference to, referring to, concerning, with regard to, in respect of, in relation
,Summary
1. Text gut durchlesen, wichtiges markieren, Randbemerkungen
2. 5 W-Fragen beantworten: Who, what, when, where, why
3. Text mit eigenen Worten zusammenfassen im Simple Present
Introduction: The following XY “…” by XY, published in XY, is about/deals with …
Main Part: chronologisch wichtigste Ereignisse, divided into … paragraphs
Was braucht eine Person um den Text zu verstehen? (Nicht zu viel, nicht zu wenig)
- Do: use (most) important information, use your own words, take a look at the task
- Don`t: no own opinion, no direct speech, no text referring (lines), no details, no “I”
Comment
Step 1: Preparation
- collect arguments and examples which support your opinion
- collect contra arguments (refuting can convince the reader)
- Line of arguments (start with the weakest and end with the strongest)
Step 2: Writing
- Introduction: present the issue and attract reader`s attention (personal story or question)
briefly summarise the point the author makes
- Main Part: state your opinion and outline arguments in one paragraph each
- Conclusion: give an outlook on further developments or possible solutions
Step 3: Editing and checking
- Do: refer to text (problematic developments, solutions), include political topics from today
Phrases Comment
- With this in mind you can better understand why …
- So what is it that makes people do / leads to …?
- Looking at … from this point of view, you have to admit that …
- However, I agree with XY only to a certain extent
- Certainly, the author has a point. Nevertheless …
- I would like to mention the fact that …
- Instead of adopting/rejecting this stance, we should …
- The text raises the question/criticizes
- The text is based upon the issue of -ing / The issue that is touched upon by the article is …
- Concerning the question whether …, I`d like to weigh up the pro and contra arguments in
order to come up with a deliberated statement
- In my experience
- Those who advocate (befürworten) …, often argue that … / Many people seem to think that ..
- … is a good example for that
- Another powerful / important argument for/against is …
- It should be considered that … / We have to remember that …
- The problem is that …
- Isn`t it funny that
, Stylistic devices
Statistical data/reliable source
author seems reliable, reader is more likely to share his opinion because of `hard facts´, helps
the reader to visualize the content, shows impact of issue, addresses the educated reader
Direct address to the reader/use of personal pronouns
connected to the author, identification, reader is directly confronted with the topic, reflects
on his own actions, feeling of togetherness
Enumeration
shows (dis-)advantages, represents a wide range
Alliteration (men make milk)
clarifies opinion of the author, memorable for the reader, draws the readers attention to sth.
Simile
compares, creates a vivid image in the reader`s minds, serves to animate an abstract idea
Rhetorical question
reader is pushed to a specific conclusion, may feel drawn into the argumentation, stresses
the importance and the decisiveness of the answer which is already suggested in the
question, provoked to think about their own actions
Metaphor
enhances the imaginative power of the reader, reader is able to picture the situation clearly
Anaphora (we have come … we have come … we have come …)
intensity, indicates that two or more lines are connected because they express the same idea
Personification
reader gets a lively idea of sth., lends human qualities to abstract concepts
Parallelism
shows that the elements are of similar importance, or with the most important element
listed at the end intensifies the force of the statement
Symbol
signifies sth. that stands for a certain abstract idea, contains several layers of meaning,
representative of other aspects than those that are visible in the literal transition alone
Examples
practical tips, examples from everyday life show that it is possible to change, with everyday
examples the author tries to see things from the readers perspective
Positive connotations
to influence the reader to think positively about sth., pushes reader to a specific direction
Linking Words
- Adding information:
as well, furthermore, moreover, in addition, above all, what is more
- Summarizing:
all in all, accordingly, as a result, therefore, to conclude, taking everything into account
- Giving a reason:
due to the fact that, because, for this reason/purpose, in order to, this is why, hence, since
- Contrasting ideas:
although, despite the fact that, nevertheless, in contrast, one the one hand … on the other hand, on
the contrary, instead of, whereas
- Comparing ideas:
compared to, in the same way, likewise
- Emphasizing facts:
in fact, actually, undoubtly, ideally
- Reformulating:
in other words, or rather
- Giving opinions:
I think, I believe, from my point of view, to my way of thinking
- Condition:
even if, on the condition that, as long as, unless, in case
- Reference:
according to, with reference to, referring to, concerning, with regard to, in respect of, in relation
,Summary
1. Text gut durchlesen, wichtiges markieren, Randbemerkungen
2. 5 W-Fragen beantworten: Who, what, when, where, why
3. Text mit eigenen Worten zusammenfassen im Simple Present
Introduction: The following XY “…” by XY, published in XY, is about/deals with …
Main Part: chronologisch wichtigste Ereignisse, divided into … paragraphs
Was braucht eine Person um den Text zu verstehen? (Nicht zu viel, nicht zu wenig)
- Do: use (most) important information, use your own words, take a look at the task
- Don`t: no own opinion, no direct speech, no text referring (lines), no details, no “I”
Comment
Step 1: Preparation
- collect arguments and examples which support your opinion
- collect contra arguments (refuting can convince the reader)
- Line of arguments (start with the weakest and end with the strongest)
Step 2: Writing
- Introduction: present the issue and attract reader`s attention (personal story or question)
briefly summarise the point the author makes
- Main Part: state your opinion and outline arguments in one paragraph each
- Conclusion: give an outlook on further developments or possible solutions
Step 3: Editing and checking
- Do: refer to text (problematic developments, solutions), include political topics from today
Phrases Comment
- With this in mind you can better understand why …
- So what is it that makes people do / leads to …?
- Looking at … from this point of view, you have to admit that …
- However, I agree with XY only to a certain extent
- Certainly, the author has a point. Nevertheless …
- I would like to mention the fact that …
- Instead of adopting/rejecting this stance, we should …
- The text raises the question/criticizes
- The text is based upon the issue of -ing / The issue that is touched upon by the article is …
- Concerning the question whether …, I`d like to weigh up the pro and contra arguments in
order to come up with a deliberated statement
- In my experience
- Those who advocate (befürworten) …, often argue that … / Many people seem to think that ..
- … is a good example for that
- Another powerful / important argument for/against is …
- It should be considered that … / We have to remember that …
- The problem is that …
- Isn`t it funny that
, Stylistic devices
Statistical data/reliable source
author seems reliable, reader is more likely to share his opinion because of `hard facts´, helps
the reader to visualize the content, shows impact of issue, addresses the educated reader
Direct address to the reader/use of personal pronouns
connected to the author, identification, reader is directly confronted with the topic, reflects
on his own actions, feeling of togetherness
Enumeration
shows (dis-)advantages, represents a wide range
Alliteration (men make milk)
clarifies opinion of the author, memorable for the reader, draws the readers attention to sth.
Simile
compares, creates a vivid image in the reader`s minds, serves to animate an abstract idea
Rhetorical question
reader is pushed to a specific conclusion, may feel drawn into the argumentation, stresses
the importance and the decisiveness of the answer which is already suggested in the
question, provoked to think about their own actions
Metaphor
enhances the imaginative power of the reader, reader is able to picture the situation clearly
Anaphora (we have come … we have come … we have come …)
intensity, indicates that two or more lines are connected because they express the same idea
Personification
reader gets a lively idea of sth., lends human qualities to abstract concepts
Parallelism
shows that the elements are of similar importance, or with the most important element
listed at the end intensifies the force of the statement
Symbol
signifies sth. that stands for a certain abstract idea, contains several layers of meaning,
representative of other aspects than those that are visible in the literal transition alone
Examples
practical tips, examples from everyday life show that it is possible to change, with everyday
examples the author tries to see things from the readers perspective
Positive connotations
to influence the reader to think positively about sth., pushes reader to a specific direction
