Exam Two Review Pharmacology
1. **For all anitibiotics/anti-infectives below – know class, nursing
considerations/interventions, side/adverse effects, and client teaching plus
detail as below…
2. fluroquinolones (Cipro) – what to avoid taking with it, client teaching
Class: Anti-infective; Usually end in “oxacin”; Pregnancy category C;
Used for Resp, GI, GU, skin/soft tissue infections.
Nursing considerations/interventions: Observe for s/s of anaphylaxis,
monitor for diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever, and bloody stool. Monitor
for C-diff s/s.
Side/adverse effects: nausea, vomiting, dysrhythmias, hepatotoxicity,
*****Achilles tendon rupture esp if used with steroids. Cipro can cause
tendinitis******
Client teaching: REPORT CALF PAIN immediately!! Wear sunblock due
to photosensitivity, avoid minerals, avoid alcohol, can increase effects of
oral hypoglycemics, Avoid caffeine.
What to avoid: CAFFEINE, ALCOHOL. Avoid dairy products,
aluminum/magnesium antacids, iron, calcium. This decreases the absorption
3. macrolide (erythromycin) – know where mostly eliminated
Azithromycin (Z-pak)
Class: Anti-infectives; used for whooping cough (pertussis), streptococcus
and mycoplasma pneumoniae, H. pylori (peptic ulcer disease); pregnancy
category B.
Where it is mostly eliminated: **Almost completely eliminated in the bile
and can contribute to liver dysfunction (elevated liver enzymes and
jaundice)***
, Nursing considerations/interventions: assess for infection, monitor bowel
function, monitor liver and WBC.
Side/adverse effects: Mild GI upset, ototoxicity, diarrhea, abdominal pain,
superinfections. Dysrhythmia’s and SCD can also occur. Diarrhea,
abdominal cramping, N&V more common with erythromycin so give
antiemetic, antidiarrheal, or ask for enteric coated.
Client teaching: finish all of medication, notify doctor if yellowing of the
skin or eyes, signs of superinfection, fever, diarrhea.
What to avoid: Do not take this drug with food or antacids.
4. tetracycline (Minocycline) - patient teaching
Class: Broad spectrum Anti-infective; Pregnancy category D; used for
Chalmydia, gram positive and negative organisms, H. pylori, acne.
Nursing interventions/considerations: give with full glass of water on
empty stomach. Educate if planning to become pregnant.
Side/adverse effects: effects vaginal, intestinal, and oral flora and leads to
superinfections. Nausea, vomiting, pseudomembraneous colitis,
photosensitivity
Client teaching: **Administer with a full glass of water on empty
stomach** interacts with milk, calcium, iron, magnesium and antacids. NO
lactation. Can turn babies teeth soapy and discolor them in utero.
What to avoid: !!milk products and antacids!!
5. ceftriaxione (Rocephin)/Cephalosporins – IM administration
considerations
Keflex
Class: anti-infective; pregnancy category B; similar pharmacologic
properties as PCN.
1. **For all anitibiotics/anti-infectives below – know class, nursing
considerations/interventions, side/adverse effects, and client teaching plus
detail as below…
2. fluroquinolones (Cipro) – what to avoid taking with it, client teaching
Class: Anti-infective; Usually end in “oxacin”; Pregnancy category C;
Used for Resp, GI, GU, skin/soft tissue infections.
Nursing considerations/interventions: Observe for s/s of anaphylaxis,
monitor for diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever, and bloody stool. Monitor
for C-diff s/s.
Side/adverse effects: nausea, vomiting, dysrhythmias, hepatotoxicity,
*****Achilles tendon rupture esp if used with steroids. Cipro can cause
tendinitis******
Client teaching: REPORT CALF PAIN immediately!! Wear sunblock due
to photosensitivity, avoid minerals, avoid alcohol, can increase effects of
oral hypoglycemics, Avoid caffeine.
What to avoid: CAFFEINE, ALCOHOL. Avoid dairy products,
aluminum/magnesium antacids, iron, calcium. This decreases the absorption
3. macrolide (erythromycin) – know where mostly eliminated
Azithromycin (Z-pak)
Class: Anti-infectives; used for whooping cough (pertussis), streptococcus
and mycoplasma pneumoniae, H. pylori (peptic ulcer disease); pregnancy
category B.
Where it is mostly eliminated: **Almost completely eliminated in the bile
and can contribute to liver dysfunction (elevated liver enzymes and
jaundice)***
, Nursing considerations/interventions: assess for infection, monitor bowel
function, monitor liver and WBC.
Side/adverse effects: Mild GI upset, ototoxicity, diarrhea, abdominal pain,
superinfections. Dysrhythmia’s and SCD can also occur. Diarrhea,
abdominal cramping, N&V more common with erythromycin so give
antiemetic, antidiarrheal, or ask for enteric coated.
Client teaching: finish all of medication, notify doctor if yellowing of the
skin or eyes, signs of superinfection, fever, diarrhea.
What to avoid: Do not take this drug with food or antacids.
4. tetracycline (Minocycline) - patient teaching
Class: Broad spectrum Anti-infective; Pregnancy category D; used for
Chalmydia, gram positive and negative organisms, H. pylori, acne.
Nursing interventions/considerations: give with full glass of water on
empty stomach. Educate if planning to become pregnant.
Side/adverse effects: effects vaginal, intestinal, and oral flora and leads to
superinfections. Nausea, vomiting, pseudomembraneous colitis,
photosensitivity
Client teaching: **Administer with a full glass of water on empty
stomach** interacts with milk, calcium, iron, magnesium and antacids. NO
lactation. Can turn babies teeth soapy and discolor them in utero.
What to avoid: !!milk products and antacids!!
5. ceftriaxione (Rocephin)/Cephalosporins – IM administration
considerations
Keflex
Class: anti-infective; pregnancy category B; similar pharmacologic
properties as PCN.
