Mental Behavioral Health Exam 1 Study Guide
I. Module 1
a. Timeline of Psych
i. 18th Century
1. Asylums established
ii. 1802-1887
1. Dorthea Dix worked to reform treatment of mentally ill
iii. 1882
1. First school of psych nursing
iv. 1950s
1. Use of phenothiazine (Thorazine) discovered to improve thinking and control
behaviors
2. 600,000 residents in mental institutions
3. Custodial care was function of nurse
4. Nursing interventions began with assistance in somatic therapy
a. Insulin therapy
b. Electroconvulsive therapy
v. 1960s
1. Deinstitutionalization began (d/c of patients back to community)
vi. 1970
1. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
b. Effective Therapies
i. Psychotherapy: involves more verbal therapist-to-client interaction
1. Behavioral therapy –
a. The goal is to modify maladaptive behavior patterns by reinforcing
adaptive behavior.
2. Cognitive therapy –
a. The individual is taught to control negative thoughts to maintain and
manage emotions.
3. Dialectical behavioral therapy –
a. First used with individuals who were diagnosed with a personality
disorder and had self-abusive tendencies.
b. It focuses on the development of emotion modulation skills and
distress tolerance.
4. Family therapy –
a. Focuses on relationships within the family members.
5. Milieu therapy –
a. Also known as therapeutic community
b. Consists of structuring the environment to affect behavior changes
and improve psychological health and functioning.
6. Group therapy –
a. A group of clients interacts and share experiences.
b. The group format allows for increased feedback, the opportunity to
practice a new skill, mutual learning, and a sense of belonging.
ii. Biological Interventions
, Mental Behavioral Health Exam 1 Study Guide
1. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) –
a. Last resort treatment but can be very effective in treating patients
with severe depression, refractory to antidepressant medications.
b. Used in bipolar disorder, when the client is in a manic/psychotic
state, clients experiencing catatonia stupor and those who are
actively suicidal.
c. Today anesthesia is used, and the heart and brain activity is
monitored.
2. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) –
a. Involves the use of short magnetic energy to stimulate nerve cells in
the brain. This approach does not result in seizure activity.
b. Used for major depressive disorder.
3. Vagus nerve stimulation –
a. A device implanted under the skin connected to the left vagus nerve.
b. Stimulates vagus nerve when activated sending electrical impulses to
the brainstem
c. Used in epilepsy and severe depression
c. Defense mechanisms
i. Healthy defense mechanisms
1. Altruism – Dealing with stress by reaching out to others.
2. Sublimation – Rechanneling drives on impulses that are unacceptable into
constructive activities.
ii. Maladaptive Defense mechanisms
1. Compensation – Emphasizing strengths to make up for weaknesses.
2. Conversion – Unconscious development of physical manifestations not
caused by a physical illness.
3. Denial – Refusing to acknowledge the real situation or feelings associated
with it.
4. Displacement – Transfer feeling from one target to another that is considered
less of a threat.
5. Dissociation - Creating temporary compartmentalization, or lack of
connection between the person’s identity, memory on how they perceive the
environment.
6. Identification – Conscious or unconscious assumption of characteristics of
another individual one admires.
7. Intellectualization – Events are analyzed based on facts without passion.
8. Projection- Attributing feelings or impulses unacceptable to one’s self to
another person.
9. Rationalization – Creating reasonable and acceptable explanations for
unacceptable behavior.
10. Reaction Formation – Demonstrating the opposite behavior of what is felt.
11. Regression – Unconsciously retreating to an earlier level of development.
12. Suppression- The voluntary blocking of unpleasant feelings and thoughts.
I. Module 1
a. Timeline of Psych
i. 18th Century
1. Asylums established
ii. 1802-1887
1. Dorthea Dix worked to reform treatment of mentally ill
iii. 1882
1. First school of psych nursing
iv. 1950s
1. Use of phenothiazine (Thorazine) discovered to improve thinking and control
behaviors
2. 600,000 residents in mental institutions
3. Custodial care was function of nurse
4. Nursing interventions began with assistance in somatic therapy
a. Insulin therapy
b. Electroconvulsive therapy
v. 1960s
1. Deinstitutionalization began (d/c of patients back to community)
vi. 1970
1. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
b. Effective Therapies
i. Psychotherapy: involves more verbal therapist-to-client interaction
1. Behavioral therapy –
a. The goal is to modify maladaptive behavior patterns by reinforcing
adaptive behavior.
2. Cognitive therapy –
a. The individual is taught to control negative thoughts to maintain and
manage emotions.
3. Dialectical behavioral therapy –
a. First used with individuals who were diagnosed with a personality
disorder and had self-abusive tendencies.
b. It focuses on the development of emotion modulation skills and
distress tolerance.
4. Family therapy –
a. Focuses on relationships within the family members.
5. Milieu therapy –
a. Also known as therapeutic community
b. Consists of structuring the environment to affect behavior changes
and improve psychological health and functioning.
6. Group therapy –
a. A group of clients interacts and share experiences.
b. The group format allows for increased feedback, the opportunity to
practice a new skill, mutual learning, and a sense of belonging.
ii. Biological Interventions
, Mental Behavioral Health Exam 1 Study Guide
1. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) –
a. Last resort treatment but can be very effective in treating patients
with severe depression, refractory to antidepressant medications.
b. Used in bipolar disorder, when the client is in a manic/psychotic
state, clients experiencing catatonia stupor and those who are
actively suicidal.
c. Today anesthesia is used, and the heart and brain activity is
monitored.
2. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) –
a. Involves the use of short magnetic energy to stimulate nerve cells in
the brain. This approach does not result in seizure activity.
b. Used for major depressive disorder.
3. Vagus nerve stimulation –
a. A device implanted under the skin connected to the left vagus nerve.
b. Stimulates vagus nerve when activated sending electrical impulses to
the brainstem
c. Used in epilepsy and severe depression
c. Defense mechanisms
i. Healthy defense mechanisms
1. Altruism – Dealing with stress by reaching out to others.
2. Sublimation – Rechanneling drives on impulses that are unacceptable into
constructive activities.
ii. Maladaptive Defense mechanisms
1. Compensation – Emphasizing strengths to make up for weaknesses.
2. Conversion – Unconscious development of physical manifestations not
caused by a physical illness.
3. Denial – Refusing to acknowledge the real situation or feelings associated
with it.
4. Displacement – Transfer feeling from one target to another that is considered
less of a threat.
5. Dissociation - Creating temporary compartmentalization, or lack of
connection between the person’s identity, memory on how they perceive the
environment.
6. Identification – Conscious or unconscious assumption of characteristics of
another individual one admires.
7. Intellectualization – Events are analyzed based on facts without passion.
8. Projection- Attributing feelings or impulses unacceptable to one’s self to
another person.
9. Rationalization – Creating reasonable and acceptable explanations for
unacceptable behavior.
10. Reaction Formation – Demonstrating the opposite behavior of what is felt.
11. Regression – Unconsciously retreating to an earlier level of development.
12. Suppression- The voluntary blocking of unpleasant feelings and thoughts.
