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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 5
Morphology of Flowering Plants Class 11
Chapter 5 Morphology of Flowering Plants Exercise Solutions
Exercise : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 82
Q1 :
What is meant by modification of root? What type of modification of root is found in the
(a) Banyan tree
(b) Turnip
(c) Mangrove trees
Answer :
Primarily, there are two types of root systems found in plants, namely the tap root system and fibrous root system.
The main function of the roots is to absorb water and minerals from the soil. However, roots are also modified to
perform various other functions. The roots of some plants act as storage sites for food, some provide support to
massive plant structures, while others absorb oxygen from the atmosphere.
Roots and its modifications in various plants:
(a) Banyan tree
The banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis) has massive pillar-like adventitious roots arising from the aerial part of the
stem. These roots grow towards the ground and provide support to the tree. Such roots are called prop roots.
(b) Turnip
The roots of turnip (Brassica rape) help in the storage of food. Similar food-storing roots are found in radishes,
carrots, and sweet potatoes.
(c) Mangrove tree
The roots of mangrove plants grow vertically upwards from the soil for the absorption of oxygen from the atmosphere
as the soil is poorly aerated. These types of roots are called pneumatophores.
Q2 :
Justify the following statements on the basis of external features
(i) Underground parts of a plant are not always roots
(ii) Flower is a modified shoot
Answer :
(i) Various parts of plants are modified into underground structures to perform various functions such as stems,
leaves, and even fruits.
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The stems in ginger and banana are underground and swollen due to storage of food. They are called rhizomes.
Similarly, corm is an underground stem in Colocasia and Zamin-khand. The tips of the underground stem in potato
become swollen due to the accumulation of food and forms tuber. Tubers bear eyes, which are subtended by a leaf
scar. Basal leaves in onions become fleshy because of the accumulation of food. In peanuts, the flower after
fertilization gets pushed inside the soil by growing a flower stalk. The formation of fruits and seeds takes place inside
the soil.
(ii) During the flowering season, the apical meristem gives rise to the floral meristem. The axis of the stem gets
condensed, while the internodes lie near each other. Instead of leaves, various floral appendages arise from the
node. Therefore, it can be said that the flower is a modified shoot.
Q3 :
How is pinnately compound leaf different from palmately compound leaf?
Answer :
Pinnately compound leaf Palmately compound leaf
The leaflets are attached to the common axis, called The leaflets are attached at a common point
rachis. on the leaf stalk.
Examples include neem and Cassia fistula( also called Examples include silk cotton (Bombax )
golden shower plant) and Cannabis.
Q4 :
Explain with suitable examples the different types of phyllotaxy?
Answer :
Phyllotaxy refers to the pattern or arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch of a plant. It is of three types,
alternate, opposite, and whorled phyllotaxy.
In alternate phyllotaxy, a single leaf arises from the node of a branch. This type of phyllotaxy is observed in the
sunflower, mustard, and peepal. Plants with opposite phyllotaxy have two leaves arising from the node in opposite
directions. It is found in guava and jamun plants. Plants with whorled phyllotaxy have three or more leaves arising
from the node. It is found in Alstonia.
Q5 :
Define the following terms:
(a) Aestivation
(b) Placentation
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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 5
Morphology of Flowering Plants Class 11
Chapter 5 Morphology of Flowering Plants Exercise Solutions
Exercise : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 82
Q1 :
What is meant by modification of root? What type of modification of root is found in the
(a) Banyan tree
(b) Turnip
(c) Mangrove trees
Answer :
Primarily, there are two types of root systems found in plants, namely the tap root system and fibrous root system.
The main function of the roots is to absorb water and minerals from the soil. However, roots are also modified to
perform various other functions. The roots of some plants act as storage sites for food, some provide support to
massive plant structures, while others absorb oxygen from the atmosphere.
Roots and its modifications in various plants:
(a) Banyan tree
The banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis) has massive pillar-like adventitious roots arising from the aerial part of the
stem. These roots grow towards the ground and provide support to the tree. Such roots are called prop roots.
(b) Turnip
The roots of turnip (Brassica rape) help in the storage of food. Similar food-storing roots are found in radishes,
carrots, and sweet potatoes.
(c) Mangrove tree
The roots of mangrove plants grow vertically upwards from the soil for the absorption of oxygen from the atmosphere
as the soil is poorly aerated. These types of roots are called pneumatophores.
Q2 :
Justify the following statements on the basis of external features
(i) Underground parts of a plant are not always roots
(ii) Flower is a modified shoot
Answer :
(i) Various parts of plants are modified into underground structures to perform various functions such as stems,
leaves, and even fruits.
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The stems in ginger and banana are underground and swollen due to storage of food. They are called rhizomes.
Similarly, corm is an underground stem in Colocasia and Zamin-khand. The tips of the underground stem in potato
become swollen due to the accumulation of food and forms tuber. Tubers bear eyes, which are subtended by a leaf
scar. Basal leaves in onions become fleshy because of the accumulation of food. In peanuts, the flower after
fertilization gets pushed inside the soil by growing a flower stalk. The formation of fruits and seeds takes place inside
the soil.
(ii) During the flowering season, the apical meristem gives rise to the floral meristem. The axis of the stem gets
condensed, while the internodes lie near each other. Instead of leaves, various floral appendages arise from the
node. Therefore, it can be said that the flower is a modified shoot.
Q3 :
How is pinnately compound leaf different from palmately compound leaf?
Answer :
Pinnately compound leaf Palmately compound leaf
The leaflets are attached to the common axis, called The leaflets are attached at a common point
rachis. on the leaf stalk.
Examples include neem and Cassia fistula( also called Examples include silk cotton (Bombax )
golden shower plant) and Cannabis.
Q4 :
Explain with suitable examples the different types of phyllotaxy?
Answer :
Phyllotaxy refers to the pattern or arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch of a plant. It is of three types,
alternate, opposite, and whorled phyllotaxy.
In alternate phyllotaxy, a single leaf arises from the node of a branch. This type of phyllotaxy is observed in the
sunflower, mustard, and peepal. Plants with opposite phyllotaxy have two leaves arising from the node in opposite
directions. It is found in guava and jamun plants. Plants with whorled phyllotaxy have three or more leaves arising
from the node. It is found in Alstonia.
Q5 :
Define the following terms:
(a) Aestivation
(b) Placentation
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