Migration and Development Notes: All lectures and articles
Key terms
Migration: To search for a better place or to be forced from or to a place. Comes with
economic, social, and political implications. Involves major changes in DAS
DAS: Daily activity space. Education, work…
Migrant: a person who is moving or has moved across an international border or within a
state away from his or her place of residence.
Commuting: Travelling to work to avoid migration.
Telecommuting: Working from home, avoiding migration or the journey to work by using
communication systems.
Socio-professional mobility: Being able to shift jobs or careers to improve social status
Mobility: Any form of spatial movement from the shortest most routine of iterated motions
of the most adventurous intercontinental journey: Zelinsky.
Census: Population at a given time; doesn’t measure seasonal migrations and other forms of
short term migrations causing them to be underestimated
Net-migration: Sum of outgoing and incoming migration flows. Does not take the number of
people moving back and forth in account and is therefore hard to use in migration studies.
Deductive: From theory to reality.
Inductive: From observations to theory.
Demographic system: Combinations of demographic behaviors according to rules and
relationships that are stable over time.
Disequilibrium models: Models that assume that people move to places where there are
jobs available. Economic growth is governed by increasing returns to scale and decreasing
transaction costs. There is a divergence of human capital.
NEG: New economic geography
Spatial equilibrium model: People move to places that have lots of amenities, they want to
live in nice places. Convergence of human capital.
, Agglomeration: a localized economy in which a large number of companies, services, and
industries exist in close proximity to each other. Cost reduction and efficiency gains can give
benefit in an agglomeration economy.
Globalization: Movement of people, knowledge, technology and economic activities across
national borders as a result of human innovation and technological progress.
Concentrated occupation: the output of all workers is relatively the same: there is low skill
required for this occupation.
Less concentrated occupation: Big difference in output of skilled workers and unskilled
workers. High skill is needed for high output.
Positive association: The best fishermen are also the best hunters
Negative association: The best fishermen are the worst hunters.
Lorenz curve: Graph that shows income distribution.
Gini coefficient: Coefficient that shows the inequality of incomes. Higher coefficient means
more income inequality.
Perfect market: Market where everyone is a wage taker, freedom of entry, perfect
knowledge, homogenous labour.
Marginal costs of labor: Costs per physical product of labor.
Marginal revenue product: revenue per physical product (physical product*price per
product)
Demand of labor: demand for working hours by firms.
Supply of labor: Available hours by working
Shirking: Unwillingness to do a job
Unemployment: The aggregate in the demand and supply of labor
Poverty Trap: When unemployed people experience a financial decline if they would get a
low income job. Losing their social benefits and paying taxes would return in having a low
disposable income.
Anomie: Lack of social standards and value. Based on values like trust, social cohesion, and
social fragmentation.
Positional goods: Goods valued by how good they are distributed among the population.
Gold, real estate, diamonds. Often a status symbol.
Key terms
Migration: To search for a better place or to be forced from or to a place. Comes with
economic, social, and political implications. Involves major changes in DAS
DAS: Daily activity space. Education, work…
Migrant: a person who is moving or has moved across an international border or within a
state away from his or her place of residence.
Commuting: Travelling to work to avoid migration.
Telecommuting: Working from home, avoiding migration or the journey to work by using
communication systems.
Socio-professional mobility: Being able to shift jobs or careers to improve social status
Mobility: Any form of spatial movement from the shortest most routine of iterated motions
of the most adventurous intercontinental journey: Zelinsky.
Census: Population at a given time; doesn’t measure seasonal migrations and other forms of
short term migrations causing them to be underestimated
Net-migration: Sum of outgoing and incoming migration flows. Does not take the number of
people moving back and forth in account and is therefore hard to use in migration studies.
Deductive: From theory to reality.
Inductive: From observations to theory.
Demographic system: Combinations of demographic behaviors according to rules and
relationships that are stable over time.
Disequilibrium models: Models that assume that people move to places where there are
jobs available. Economic growth is governed by increasing returns to scale and decreasing
transaction costs. There is a divergence of human capital.
NEG: New economic geography
Spatial equilibrium model: People move to places that have lots of amenities, they want to
live in nice places. Convergence of human capital.
, Agglomeration: a localized economy in which a large number of companies, services, and
industries exist in close proximity to each other. Cost reduction and efficiency gains can give
benefit in an agglomeration economy.
Globalization: Movement of people, knowledge, technology and economic activities across
national borders as a result of human innovation and technological progress.
Concentrated occupation: the output of all workers is relatively the same: there is low skill
required for this occupation.
Less concentrated occupation: Big difference in output of skilled workers and unskilled
workers. High skill is needed for high output.
Positive association: The best fishermen are also the best hunters
Negative association: The best fishermen are the worst hunters.
Lorenz curve: Graph that shows income distribution.
Gini coefficient: Coefficient that shows the inequality of incomes. Higher coefficient means
more income inequality.
Perfect market: Market where everyone is a wage taker, freedom of entry, perfect
knowledge, homogenous labour.
Marginal costs of labor: Costs per physical product of labor.
Marginal revenue product: revenue per physical product (physical product*price per
product)
Demand of labor: demand for working hours by firms.
Supply of labor: Available hours by working
Shirking: Unwillingness to do a job
Unemployment: The aggregate in the demand and supply of labor
Poverty Trap: When unemployed people experience a financial decline if they would get a
low income job. Losing their social benefits and paying taxes would return in having a low
disposable income.
Anomie: Lack of social standards and value. Based on values like trust, social cohesion, and
social fragmentation.
Positional goods: Goods valued by how good they are distributed among the population.
Gold, real estate, diamonds. Often a status symbol.
