Solution Manual for Hole’s Human Anatomy & Physiology, 16th Edition

Solution Manual for Hole’s Human Anatomy & Physiology, 16th Edition ANSWERS TO PRACTICE QUESTIONS Hole’s Human Anatomy & Physiology, 16e Chapter 1 Practice 1.1 1. What factors probably stimulated an early interest in the human body? Factors include attempting to understand the causes of various injuries, illnesses, and the loss of function of body parts, and trying to treat these conditions. 2. What types of activities helped promote the development of modern medical science? Activities include dissection of cadavers, the production of prosthetic body parts, experimentation to improve medical knowledge and techniques, and the discovery of certain chemicals in nature as treatments for specific conditions. 3. What is the role of a hypothesis in the scientific method? The hypothesis is the idea or proposition being evaluated, or tested. It is formulated based on observations, and tested through experiments. Practice 1.2 1. What are the differences between anatomy and physiology? Anatomy is the study of body structures and relies on examination of those structures. Physiology is the study of the functions of body parts, and relies more on experimentation. 2. Why is it difficult to separate the topics of anatomy and physiology? Structure is closely related to function; body parts are shaped and arranged (anatomy) in such a way that they are able to perform their functions (physiology) 3. List several examples that illustrate how the structure of a body part makes possible its function. The arrangement of bones and muscles in the hand allow grasping; the heart’s muscular walls pump blood, and heart valves keep blood flowing in the proper direction; the mouth is shaped to receive food and the shapes of the teeth allow them to break down food into pieces; the tongue mixes food with saliva and prepares food particles for swallowing. 4. How are anatomy and physiology both old and new fields? The fields of anatomy and physiology are ancient, but new discoveries continue in both, especially at the molecular level.