, Solutions for all
Physical Sciences
Grade 12
Learner’s Book
C McLaren F Gray
B Nozaic D du Plessis
Physical science Gr12 LB.indb 1 5/15/13 1:
, Solutions for all Physical Sciences Grade 12 Learner’s Book
© McLaren, Gray, Nozaic, du Plessis, 2013
© Illustrations and design Macmillan South Africa (Pty) Ltd, 2013
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder or in accordance with the
provisions of the Copyright Act, 1978 (as amended).
Any person who commits any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable for criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
First published 2013
0 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1
Published by Macmillan South Africa (Pty) Ltd
Private Bag X19
Northlands
2116
Gauteng
South Africa
Typeset by Boss Repro
Cover image from INPRA
Cover design by Devine Design
Illustrations by OKS, Daniella Levin, Geoff Walton, USDI
Photographs by
AAI: Pages 1, 28, 85, 143, 154, 165, 166, 174, 266, 286, 338, 375, 387 (bottom), 395, 397, 401, 412, 432, 479, 501
Great stock: 13, 47, 108 (bottom), 194 (top), 225, 234, 248, 253, 265, 298, 326, 352, 362, 387 (top), 416, 417, 448, 452, 467, 482
AfriPics: 53, 57, 58, 102, 107, 108 (top), 116, 121, 142, 204, 211, 217, 229, 283, 289, 307, 472, 481, 489, 496
Gallo images: 88, 188, 194, 427
APN: 196
Keith Rein: 103, 104, 105, 122, 123, 145, 152
Christine McLaren: 49, 86, 103, 105, 110, 121 (bottom), 136, 257, 317, 494, 495,
Braam van Reenen: 338 (bottom)
e-ISBN: 9781431024384
WIP: 4534M000
It is illegal to photocopy any page of this book without written permission from the publishers. The publishers have made every effort to trace the
copyright holders. If they have inadvertently overlooked any, they will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
Physical science Gr12 LB.indb 2 5/15/13 1:
, Contents
Introduction........................................................................................ v
How to use the Solutions for all Physical Sciences Grade 12 Learner’s Book......................................v
Topic 0 Skills for practical investigations............................................................................................... 1
Knowledge area: Mechanics (Physics)
Topic 1 Momentum and impulse......................................................................................................... 13
Momentum................................................................................................................................. 15
Newton’s second law in terms of momentum....................................................................... 20
Conservation of momentum and elastic and inelastic collisions........................................ 28
Impulse........................................................................................................................................ 41
Extend yourself.......................................................................................................................... 50
Summary..................................................................................................................................... 52
Topic 2 Vertical projectile motion in one dimension (1D).............................................................. 53
Vertical projectile motion represented in words and equations.......................................... 55
Vertical projectile motion represented in graphs................................................................... 70
Extend yourself.......................................................................................................................... 81
Summary..................................................................................................................................... 84
Knowledge area: Matter and materials (Chemistry)
Topic 3 Organic chemistry..................................................................................................................... 85
Organic molecular structures................................................................................................... 86
Structure and physical property relationships.................................................................... 113
Applications of organic chemistry........................................................................................ 121
Types of reactions of organic compounds............................................................................ 128
Plastics and polymers.............................................................................................................. 143
Extend yourself........................................................................................................................ 156
Summary................................................................................................................................... 163
Knowledge area: Mechanics (Physics)
Topic 4 Work, energy and power........................................................................................................ 165
Work........................................................................................................................................... 168
The work-energy theorem...................................................................................................... 178
Conservation of energy........................................................................................................... 183
Power......................................................................................................................................... 192
Extend yourself........................................................................................................................ 204
Summary................................................................................................................................... 208
Knowledge area: Waves, sound and light (Physics)
Topic 5 Doppler effect.......................................................................................................................... 211
Doppler effect with sound and ultrasound.......................................................................... 213
The Doppler effect with light................................................................................................. 219
Extend yourself........................................................................................................................ 222
Summary................................................................................................................................... 224
Knowledge area: Chemical change (Chemistry)
Topic 6 Rate and extent of reaction.................................................................................................... 225
Rates of reaction and factors affecting rate.......................................................................... 227
Measuring rates of reaction.................................................................................................... 233
Extend yourself........................................................................................................................ 242
Summary................................................................................................................................... 247
Physical science Gr12 LB.indb 3 5/15/13 1:
Physical Sciences
Grade 12
Learner’s Book
C McLaren F Gray
B Nozaic D du Plessis
Physical science Gr12 LB.indb 1 5/15/13 1:
, Solutions for all Physical Sciences Grade 12 Learner’s Book
© McLaren, Gray, Nozaic, du Plessis, 2013
© Illustrations and design Macmillan South Africa (Pty) Ltd, 2013
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder or in accordance with the
provisions of the Copyright Act, 1978 (as amended).
Any person who commits any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable for criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
First published 2013
0 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1
Published by Macmillan South Africa (Pty) Ltd
Private Bag X19
Northlands
2116
Gauteng
South Africa
Typeset by Boss Repro
Cover image from INPRA
Cover design by Devine Design
Illustrations by OKS, Daniella Levin, Geoff Walton, USDI
Photographs by
AAI: Pages 1, 28, 85, 143, 154, 165, 166, 174, 266, 286, 338, 375, 387 (bottom), 395, 397, 401, 412, 432, 479, 501
Great stock: 13, 47, 108 (bottom), 194 (top), 225, 234, 248, 253, 265, 298, 326, 352, 362, 387 (top), 416, 417, 448, 452, 467, 482
AfriPics: 53, 57, 58, 102, 107, 108 (top), 116, 121, 142, 204, 211, 217, 229, 283, 289, 307, 472, 481, 489, 496
Gallo images: 88, 188, 194, 427
APN: 196
Keith Rein: 103, 104, 105, 122, 123, 145, 152
Christine McLaren: 49, 86, 103, 105, 110, 121 (bottom), 136, 257, 317, 494, 495,
Braam van Reenen: 338 (bottom)
e-ISBN: 9781431024384
WIP: 4534M000
It is illegal to photocopy any page of this book without written permission from the publishers. The publishers have made every effort to trace the
copyright holders. If they have inadvertently overlooked any, they will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
Physical science Gr12 LB.indb 2 5/15/13 1:
, Contents
Introduction........................................................................................ v
How to use the Solutions for all Physical Sciences Grade 12 Learner’s Book......................................v
Topic 0 Skills for practical investigations............................................................................................... 1
Knowledge area: Mechanics (Physics)
Topic 1 Momentum and impulse......................................................................................................... 13
Momentum................................................................................................................................. 15
Newton’s second law in terms of momentum....................................................................... 20
Conservation of momentum and elastic and inelastic collisions........................................ 28
Impulse........................................................................................................................................ 41
Extend yourself.......................................................................................................................... 50
Summary..................................................................................................................................... 52
Topic 2 Vertical projectile motion in one dimension (1D).............................................................. 53
Vertical projectile motion represented in words and equations.......................................... 55
Vertical projectile motion represented in graphs................................................................... 70
Extend yourself.......................................................................................................................... 81
Summary..................................................................................................................................... 84
Knowledge area: Matter and materials (Chemistry)
Topic 3 Organic chemistry..................................................................................................................... 85
Organic molecular structures................................................................................................... 86
Structure and physical property relationships.................................................................... 113
Applications of organic chemistry........................................................................................ 121
Types of reactions of organic compounds............................................................................ 128
Plastics and polymers.............................................................................................................. 143
Extend yourself........................................................................................................................ 156
Summary................................................................................................................................... 163
Knowledge area: Mechanics (Physics)
Topic 4 Work, energy and power........................................................................................................ 165
Work........................................................................................................................................... 168
The work-energy theorem...................................................................................................... 178
Conservation of energy........................................................................................................... 183
Power......................................................................................................................................... 192
Extend yourself........................................................................................................................ 204
Summary................................................................................................................................... 208
Knowledge area: Waves, sound and light (Physics)
Topic 5 Doppler effect.......................................................................................................................... 211
Doppler effect with sound and ultrasound.......................................................................... 213
The Doppler effect with light................................................................................................. 219
Extend yourself........................................................................................................................ 222
Summary................................................................................................................................... 224
Knowledge area: Chemical change (Chemistry)
Topic 6 Rate and extent of reaction.................................................................................................... 225
Rates of reaction and factors affecting rate.......................................................................... 227
Measuring rates of reaction.................................................................................................... 233
Extend yourself........................................................................................................................ 242
Summary................................................................................................................................... 247
Physical science Gr12 LB.indb 3 5/15/13 1:
