Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____1.Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
1.The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
2.The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
3.The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the cell compartment.
4.The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two potassium ions.
____2.In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is created in the presence of oxygen?
1.Dissipation of pyruvic acid
2.Initiation of the citric acid cycle
3.Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A
4.Creation of acidosis via lactic acid
____3.How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
1.2
2.3
3.34
4.53
____4.Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
1.Ribosomes
2.Mitochondria
3.Ribonucleic acids
4.Deoxyribonucleic acids
____5.Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
1.Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
2.There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
3.The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
4.Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
____6.When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
1.During endoplasmic reticulum stress
2.During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
3.During a severe hypoxic state
4.During the processing of prohormone
____7.Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs?
1.Cilia
2.Microfilaments
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3.Secretory vesicles
4.Endoplasmic reticula
____8.Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
1.Actin and myosin
2.Prohormone and tubulin
3.Tubulin and actin
4.Myosin and prohormone
____9.Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
1.Proteasome
2.Peroxisome
3.Macrophage
4.Lysosomal enzymes
____10.Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
1.Accumulation of ganglioside
2.Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis
3.Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity
4.Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system
____11.Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
1.During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
2.During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
3.During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
4.During ER stress, nondegraded substances accumulate in the cells.
____12.A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is likely to be involved?
1.Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
2.Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
3.Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules
4.Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
____13.A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular component is examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically transferred?
1.Transfer RNA
2.Ribosomal RNA
3.Double helix of DNA
4.Mitochondrial DNA
____14.A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a long, steep climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
1.Cellular hypoxia
2.Autolysis
3.Heterolysis
4.Cellular edema
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____15.Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
1.The pairing of nitrogenous bases
2.The presence of pyrimidine bases
3.The presence of nucleotides
4.The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond
____16.How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
1.2
2.3
3.4
4.5
____17.Which components form the structure of DNA?
1.Nucleotides
2.Amino acids
3.Fatty acids
4.Phosphates
____18.Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
1.Free-standing ribosomes within the cell
2.Protein blueprint from the cell of the DNA
3.Specific information from the nucleus of the cell
4.Transfer RNA to move the protein out of the cell
____19.Tetracycline antibiotic is prescribed for an adult client with chlamydia infection. Which is the mechanism of action of the drug?
1.It prevents the replication of bacteria.
2.It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
3.It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
4.It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
____20.Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
1.In the ribosomes
2.In the Golgi apparatus
3.In the secretory granules
4.In the endoplasmic reticulum
____21.Which is the cell’s “master mind”?
1.Nucleus
2.Ribosome
3.Golgi apparatus
4.Endoplasmic reticulum
Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
____22.Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply .
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1.Microtubules are solid.
2.Microtubules are flexible.
3.Microtubules are composed of tubulin.
4.Microtubules are called actin filaments.
5.Microtubules have structures involved in cell division.
____23.Which cellular actions are carried out during the process of protein synthesis? Select all that apply.
1.DNA directs the cell to carry out the process.
2.Transcription occurs in the ribosome of the cell.
3.Protein translation takes place in the cell nucleus.
4.RNA is single-stranded and travels outside the nucleus.
5.In RNA, the pyrimidine base thymine is replaced with uracil.
____24.Which characteristics are specific to RNA during protein synthesis? Select all that apply.
1.Presence of ribose pentose sugar
2.Presence of single-stranded helix
3.Presence of double-stranded helix
4.Presence of deoxyribose pentose sugar
5.Presence of uracil and cytosine as a pyrimidine base
____25.Which are the purine bases found in DNA? Select all that apply.
1.Uracil
2.Adenine
3.Guanine
4.Thymine
5.Cytosine
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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____1.Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
1.The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
2.The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
3.The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the cell compartment.
4.The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two potassium ions.
____2.In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is created in the presence of oxygen?
1.Dissipation of pyruvic acid
2.Initiation of the citric acid cycle
3.Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A
4.Creation of acidosis via lactic acid
____3.How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
1.2
2.3
3.34
4.53
____4.Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
1.Ribosomes
2.Mitochondria
3.Ribonucleic acids
4.Deoxyribonucleic acids
____5.Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
1.Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
2.There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
3.The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
4.Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
____6.When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
1.During endoplasmic reticulum stress
2.During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
3.During a severe hypoxic state
4.During the processing of prohormone
____7.Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs?
1.Cilia
2.Microfilaments
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3.Secretory vesicles
4.Endoplasmic reticula
____8.Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
1.Actin and myosin
2.Prohormone and tubulin
3.Tubulin and actin
4.Myosin and prohormone
____9.Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
1.Proteasome
2.Peroxisome
3.Macrophage
4.Lysosomal enzymes
____10.Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
1.Accumulation of ganglioside
2.Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis
3.Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity
4.Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system
____11.Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
1.During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
2.During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
3.During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
4.During ER stress, nondegraded substances accumulate in the cells.
____12.A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is likely to be involved?
1.Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
2.Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
3.Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules
4.Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
____13.A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular component is examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically transferred?
1.Transfer RNA
2.Ribosomal RNA
3.Double helix of DNA
4.Mitochondrial DNA
____14.A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a long, steep climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
1.Cellular hypoxia
2.Autolysis
3.Heterolysis
4.Cellular edema
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____15.Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
1.The pairing of nitrogenous bases
2.The presence of pyrimidine bases
3.The presence of nucleotides
4.The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond
____16.How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
1.2
2.3
3.4
4.5
____17.Which components form the structure of DNA?
1.Nucleotides
2.Amino acids
3.Fatty acids
4.Phosphates
____18.Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
1.Free-standing ribosomes within the cell
2.Protein blueprint from the cell of the DNA
3.Specific information from the nucleus of the cell
4.Transfer RNA to move the protein out of the cell
____19.Tetracycline antibiotic is prescribed for an adult client with chlamydia infection. Which is the mechanism of action of the drug?
1.It prevents the replication of bacteria.
2.It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
3.It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
4.It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
____20.Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
1.In the ribosomes
2.In the Golgi apparatus
3.In the secretory granules
4.In the endoplasmic reticulum
____21.Which is the cell’s “master mind”?
1.Nucleus
2.Ribosome
3.Golgi apparatus
4.Endoplasmic reticulum
Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
____22.Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply .
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1.Microtubules are solid.
2.Microtubules are flexible.
3.Microtubules are composed of tubulin.
4.Microtubules are called actin filaments.
5.Microtubules have structures involved in cell division.
____23.Which cellular actions are carried out during the process of protein synthesis? Select all that apply.
1.DNA directs the cell to carry out the process.
2.Transcription occurs in the ribosome of the cell.
3.Protein translation takes place in the cell nucleus.
4.RNA is single-stranded and travels outside the nucleus.
5.In RNA, the pyrimidine base thymine is replaced with uracil.
____24.Which characteristics are specific to RNA during protein synthesis? Select all that apply.
1.Presence of ribose pentose sugar
2.Presence of single-stranded helix
3.Presence of double-stranded helix
4.Presence of deoxyribose pentose sugar
5.Presence of uracil and cytosine as a pyrimidine base
____25.Which are the purine bases found in DNA? Select all that apply.
1.Uracil
2.Adenine
3.Guanine
4.Thymine
5.Cytosine
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