2020_Paper_Mark_Scheme.pdf.

1 Explain how differential access to markets can impact on economic well-being. Mark scheme Award one mark each for points of knowledge or understanding. Allow extra marks for developed points (d). Notes for answers Allow credit for specific knowledge and understanding of what differential access means and how it affects economic well-being. Do not double credit opposite points such as ‘in a trade bloc means easier trade’ and ‘not being a trade bloc makes trade difficult’. For full marks there should be a link to economic well-being.  Being in a trading bloc increases the potential for trade (1), for example NAFTA means that trade is enabled between Mexico and the US (1) (d). This improves economic well-being for Mexico where thousands of jobs are generated in the car industry (1).  However, being in a trading bloc can also have negative impacts such as a dependence on the economy of countries in the trading bloc (1). For example, Mexico suffered economically due to recession in the US in 2008 (1) due to its reliance on exports to the US (1) (d).  Some countries do not have access to trading blocs which limits trade (1) For example, Ukraine does not have access to the single market of the EU and has to negotiate its own deal (1). This means Ukrainians are not free to move to the EU to earn higher wages reducing economic well-being (1) (d).  Trade agreements can be seen as being unfair (1). Developing countries don’t have access to the rich markets of the EU (1) (d). This results in them finding it harder to trade and subsequently develop (1) (d).  The WTO has sought to ensure that developing countries all have preferential access to developed trade markets (1). This provision is called Special and Differential Treatment (SDT) (1) (d). The aim of this is to promote faster income and growth (1) (d).  Examples of trade preference schemes include the EUs ‘Everything but Arms’ (1) (d) accepts goods from the least developed countries on an import tax reduced, quota-free basis (1) (d).  However, some people criticise preferential trade agreements as they can cause cheap imports to flood in (1). This can result in deindustrialisation in developed countries and higher unemployment (1) (d). The notes for answers are not exhaustive. Credit any valid points. 4 AO1 = 4 01 2 Analyse the data shown in Figure 1. AO3 – Analysis of the graph to show relationships between attitudes towards globalisation, change in GDP, total GDP, and the percentage foreign-born population. Mark scheme Level 2 (4–6 marks) AO3 – Clear analysis of the quantitative and qualitative evidence provided which makes appropriate use of data to support. Clear connections between different aspects of the data. Level 1 (1–3 marks) AO3 – Basic analysis of the quantitative and qualitative evidence provided which makes limited use of data to support. Basic or limited connections between different aspects of the data. Notes for answers This question requires analysis of attitudes towards globalisation in the countries shown in figure 1. They should consider the connections between attitude and change in GDP and may also consider the connections with overall GDP and / or percentage of the foreign-born population. AO3 • Generally, there is a positive correlation between a positive attitude and greater increase in GDP, for example, more than double the percentage of people agree globalisation is positive in India than France, and India has about 26% greater change in GDP. • At times the relationship is less clear, for example the UAE and Denmark have a similar % of people who agree yet Denmark’s change in GDP is about 14.5% less. This is also true for Norway and Britain where again a similar % of people agree globalisation is positive, but Norway saw a -2% change compared to Britain with a +13% change. • There also appears to be a connection between overall GDP and a positive attitude towards globalisation in that countries with lower GDPs tend to have a more positive attitude, for example the US has by far the largest GDP and the second lowest % of people agreeing whereas the highest % agreeing is Vietnam which has a very small GDP. • It is also clear that countries with the lowest % of foreign-born populations also tend to be more positive towards globalisation. So the 6 highest countries in terms of agreeing with globalisation (above 70%) all have <10% foreign-born populations. Although Finland the only other country with <10% has only 55% of