ch01
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Inferential statistics is based on probability theory.
True False
2. Based on Mrs. Smith's electric bill for last year she expects that she will be paying $75/month this year.
This is an example of descriptive statistics.
True False
3. Data can be classified as qualitative, continuous, or nonsequential.
True False
4. The number of birds in a tree is an example of a continuous variable.
True False
5. A person's hair colour would be an example of a quantitative variable.
True False
6. The variable of height is an example of a quantitative variable.
True False
7. Rating a restaurant by a number of stars is an example of an ordinal level of measurement.
True False
8. The four basic methods used to obtain samples are: random, irregular, cluster, and stratified.
True False
9. If every 14th customer leaving a movie were surveyed, this would be an example of systematic
sampling.
True False
10. In a research study, it is always preferable for the researcher to choose his participants as carefully as
possible rather than randomly accept samples.
True False
11. A dependent variable can also be referred to as an outcome variable.
True False
12. When running an experimental study, the group that is manipulated is called the treatment group.
True False
13. Statistics is the science of conducting studies to
A. solve a system of equations.
B. hypothesize, experiment, and form conclusions.
C. collect, organize, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from data.
D. monitor, study, and report on a subject.
14. What is the term for a characteristic or attribute that can assume different values?
A. datum
B. variable
C. exponent
D. sample
,15. Variables with values that are determined by chance are called
A. specialized.
B. erratic variables.
C. random variables.
D. inconsistent variables.
16. Each value in a data set may be referred to as either a data value or a(n)
A. data subset.
B. datum.
C. atom.
D. data point.
17. If a weather centre monitors and calculates the number of lightning flashes per 100 square kilometres for
Edmonton, Alberta each year, what type of variable would they be investigating?
A. random variable
B. controlled variable
C. isolated variable
D. weather variable
18. If you were told that four students from a class of twenty were questioned for a grade versus test
preparation poll, this would be an example of
A. sampling.
B. surveying.
C. interviewing.
D. organizing.
19. Which branch of statistics would employ probability to predict how many miles one would be able to
drive a 2000 Toyota Celica during its lifetime?
A. predictive statistics
B. descriptive statistics
C. inferential statistics
D. differential statistics
20. Which branch of statistics would buy a hundred Toyotas, drive them into the ground, record the final
mileage, and then write a report for Car and Driver?
A. predictive statistics
B. descriptive statistics
C. inferential statistics
D. differential statistics
21. Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between a sample and a population?
A. A sample is a group of populations that are subject to observation.
B. A population is a group of samples that may or may not be included in a study.
C. A sample is a group of subjects selected from a population to be studied.
D. A population and a sample are not related.
22. The amount of time needed to run the Toronto marathon is an example of which type of variable?
A. discrete
B. qualitative
C. continuous
D. none of the above
23. What level of measurement classifies data into mutually exclusive (nonoverlapping), exhausting
categories in which no order or ranking can be imposed on the data?
A. nominal
B. ordinal
C. interval
D. ratio
,24. What level of measurement possesses all the characteristics of interval measurement, and there exists a
true zero?
A. nominal
B. ordinal
C. interval
D. ratio
25. If you classified the fruit in a basket as apple, orange, or banana, this would be an example of which level
of measurement?
A. nominal
B. ordinal
C. interval
D. ratio
26. If a variable has possible values -3, 4, and 14, then this variable is
A. a continuous variable
B. a discrete variable
C. both a continuous and a discrete variable
D. neither a continuous nor a discrete variable
27. A variable measuring the number of people in a group
A. Can only be analyzed as a continuous variable
B. Can only be analyzed as a discrete variable
C Could be analyzed as either continuous or discrete depending on the whether there are a large or small
. number of people in the group
D. Cannot be analyzed as either continuous or discrete
28. What type of sampling is being employed if the country is divided into economic classes and a sample is
chosen from each class to be surveyed?
A. random sampling
B. systematic sampling
C. stratified sampling
D. cluster sampling
29. An independent variable can also be called a(n)
A. free variable.
B. explanatory variable.
C. suggestive variable.
D. outcome variable.
30. If a researcher manipulates one of the variables and tries to determine how the manipulation influences
other variables, the researcher is conducting a(n)
A. observational study.
B. experimental study.
C. independent study.
D. manipulative study.
31. Which of the following best defines the relationship between confounding, dependent, and independent
variables?
A. The confounding variable influences the independent variable, but has no effect on the dependent
variable.
B. The confounding variable cannot be separated from the dependent variable.
C. The confounding variable may cause the dependent variable to act independently.
D.The confounding variable may influence the dependent variable, but its effect cannot be separated from
the independent variable.
, 32. In a true experimental study, the subjects should be assigned to groups randomly. If this is not possible
and a researcher uses intact groups, they are performing a
A. quasi-experimental study.
B. convoluted study.
C. cluster study.
D. stratified study.
33. An ad for an exercise product states: "Using this product will burn 74% more calories." This is an
example of
A. changing the subject
B. detached statistics
C. suspect samples
D. ambiguous averages
34. An advertisement for a pick-up truck states that it is 30% more powerful than its competitor. This is an
example of
A. changing the subject
B. detached statistics
C. suspect samples
D. ambiguous averages
35. A television station interviews five movie viewers after the first showing of a movie. After finding out
that all five enjoyed the movie very much, the reporter states that this movie will definitely be a big hit.
This is an example of
A. changing the subject
B. detached statistics
C. suspect samples
D. ambiguous averages
36. In an advertisement for a car, a driver is shown driving expertly through a difficult road course. At the
bottom of the ad, the following is included in small print "Professional driver on a closed course". This is
an example of
A. changing the subject
B. detached statistics
C. suspect samples
D. implied connections
37. A magazine tests a new car and reports that it could be twice as fun to drive as its predecessor. This is
NOT an example of
A. changing the subject
B. detached statistics
C. suspect samples
D. implied connections
38. A ______________ consists of all subjects that are being studied.
________________________________________
39. ______________ is a decision-making process for evaluating claims about a population, based on
information obtained from samples.
________________________________________
40. A ______________ variable assumes values that can be counted.
________________________________________
41. The _______________ level of measurement classifies data into categories that can be ranked; however,
precise differences between the ranks do not exist.
________________________________________
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Inferential statistics is based on probability theory.
True False
2. Based on Mrs. Smith's electric bill for last year she expects that she will be paying $75/month this year.
This is an example of descriptive statistics.
True False
3. Data can be classified as qualitative, continuous, or nonsequential.
True False
4. The number of birds in a tree is an example of a continuous variable.
True False
5. A person's hair colour would be an example of a quantitative variable.
True False
6. The variable of height is an example of a quantitative variable.
True False
7. Rating a restaurant by a number of stars is an example of an ordinal level of measurement.
True False
8. The four basic methods used to obtain samples are: random, irregular, cluster, and stratified.
True False
9. If every 14th customer leaving a movie were surveyed, this would be an example of systematic
sampling.
True False
10. In a research study, it is always preferable for the researcher to choose his participants as carefully as
possible rather than randomly accept samples.
True False
11. A dependent variable can also be referred to as an outcome variable.
True False
12. When running an experimental study, the group that is manipulated is called the treatment group.
True False
13. Statistics is the science of conducting studies to
A. solve a system of equations.
B. hypothesize, experiment, and form conclusions.
C. collect, organize, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from data.
D. monitor, study, and report on a subject.
14. What is the term for a characteristic or attribute that can assume different values?
A. datum
B. variable
C. exponent
D. sample
,15. Variables with values that are determined by chance are called
A. specialized.
B. erratic variables.
C. random variables.
D. inconsistent variables.
16. Each value in a data set may be referred to as either a data value or a(n)
A. data subset.
B. datum.
C. atom.
D. data point.
17. If a weather centre monitors and calculates the number of lightning flashes per 100 square kilometres for
Edmonton, Alberta each year, what type of variable would they be investigating?
A. random variable
B. controlled variable
C. isolated variable
D. weather variable
18. If you were told that four students from a class of twenty were questioned for a grade versus test
preparation poll, this would be an example of
A. sampling.
B. surveying.
C. interviewing.
D. organizing.
19. Which branch of statistics would employ probability to predict how many miles one would be able to
drive a 2000 Toyota Celica during its lifetime?
A. predictive statistics
B. descriptive statistics
C. inferential statistics
D. differential statistics
20. Which branch of statistics would buy a hundred Toyotas, drive them into the ground, record the final
mileage, and then write a report for Car and Driver?
A. predictive statistics
B. descriptive statistics
C. inferential statistics
D. differential statistics
21. Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between a sample and a population?
A. A sample is a group of populations that are subject to observation.
B. A population is a group of samples that may or may not be included in a study.
C. A sample is a group of subjects selected from a population to be studied.
D. A population and a sample are not related.
22. The amount of time needed to run the Toronto marathon is an example of which type of variable?
A. discrete
B. qualitative
C. continuous
D. none of the above
23. What level of measurement classifies data into mutually exclusive (nonoverlapping), exhausting
categories in which no order or ranking can be imposed on the data?
A. nominal
B. ordinal
C. interval
D. ratio
,24. What level of measurement possesses all the characteristics of interval measurement, and there exists a
true zero?
A. nominal
B. ordinal
C. interval
D. ratio
25. If you classified the fruit in a basket as apple, orange, or banana, this would be an example of which level
of measurement?
A. nominal
B. ordinal
C. interval
D. ratio
26. If a variable has possible values -3, 4, and 14, then this variable is
A. a continuous variable
B. a discrete variable
C. both a continuous and a discrete variable
D. neither a continuous nor a discrete variable
27. A variable measuring the number of people in a group
A. Can only be analyzed as a continuous variable
B. Can only be analyzed as a discrete variable
C Could be analyzed as either continuous or discrete depending on the whether there are a large or small
. number of people in the group
D. Cannot be analyzed as either continuous or discrete
28. What type of sampling is being employed if the country is divided into economic classes and a sample is
chosen from each class to be surveyed?
A. random sampling
B. systematic sampling
C. stratified sampling
D. cluster sampling
29. An independent variable can also be called a(n)
A. free variable.
B. explanatory variable.
C. suggestive variable.
D. outcome variable.
30. If a researcher manipulates one of the variables and tries to determine how the manipulation influences
other variables, the researcher is conducting a(n)
A. observational study.
B. experimental study.
C. independent study.
D. manipulative study.
31. Which of the following best defines the relationship between confounding, dependent, and independent
variables?
A. The confounding variable influences the independent variable, but has no effect on the dependent
variable.
B. The confounding variable cannot be separated from the dependent variable.
C. The confounding variable may cause the dependent variable to act independently.
D.The confounding variable may influence the dependent variable, but its effect cannot be separated from
the independent variable.
, 32. In a true experimental study, the subjects should be assigned to groups randomly. If this is not possible
and a researcher uses intact groups, they are performing a
A. quasi-experimental study.
B. convoluted study.
C. cluster study.
D. stratified study.
33. An ad for an exercise product states: "Using this product will burn 74% more calories." This is an
example of
A. changing the subject
B. detached statistics
C. suspect samples
D. ambiguous averages
34. An advertisement for a pick-up truck states that it is 30% more powerful than its competitor. This is an
example of
A. changing the subject
B. detached statistics
C. suspect samples
D. ambiguous averages
35. A television station interviews five movie viewers after the first showing of a movie. After finding out
that all five enjoyed the movie very much, the reporter states that this movie will definitely be a big hit.
This is an example of
A. changing the subject
B. detached statistics
C. suspect samples
D. ambiguous averages
36. In an advertisement for a car, a driver is shown driving expertly through a difficult road course. At the
bottom of the ad, the following is included in small print "Professional driver on a closed course". This is
an example of
A. changing the subject
B. detached statistics
C. suspect samples
D. implied connections
37. A magazine tests a new car and reports that it could be twice as fun to drive as its predecessor. This is
NOT an example of
A. changing the subject
B. detached statistics
C. suspect samples
D. implied connections
38. A ______________ consists of all subjects that are being studied.
________________________________________
39. ______________ is a decision-making process for evaluating claims about a population, based on
information obtained from samples.
________________________________________
40. A ______________ variable assumes values that can be counted.
________________________________________
41. The _______________ level of measurement classifies data into categories that can be ranked; however,
precise differences between the ranks do not exist.
________________________________________
