Week 2 Quiz
NR 507 WEEK 2 QUIZ QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Water movement between the intracellular fluid osmotic forces.
compartment and the extracellular compartment
is primarily a function of
The movement of water between ICF and ECF
compartments is primarily a function of osmotic
forces. (Osmosis and other mechanisms of passive
transport are discussed in Chapter 1.)
How does the loss of chloride during vomiting Loss of chloride causes retention of bicarbonate
cause metabolic alkalosis to maintain the anion balance.
When acid loss is caused by vomiting with
depletion of ECF and chloride (hypochloremic
metabolic alkalosis), renal compensation is not
very effective because the volume depletion and
loss of electrolytes (Na+, K+, H+, Cl-) stimulate a
paradoxical response by the kidneys. The kidneys
increase sodium and bicarbonate reabsorption
with excretion of hydrogen. Bicarbonate is
reabsorbed to maintain an anionic balance
because the ECF chloride concentration is
decreased.
What is a major determinant of the resting The ratio between intracellular K+ and
membrane potential necessary for transmission of extracellular potassium
nerve impulses?
The ratio of K+ in the ICF to K+ in the ECF is the
major determinant of the resting membrane
potential, which is necessary for the transmission
and conduction of nerve impulses, maintenance of
normal cardiac rhythms, and skeletal and smooth
muscle contraction.
Why are infants susceptible to significant losses in Because an infant’s kidneys are not mature
total body water (TBW)? enough to counter fluids losses
Infants are particularly susceptible to significant
changes in TBW because of their high metabolic
rate and the accelerated turnover of body fluids
caused by their greater body surface area in
proportion to total body size. Loss of fluids from
diarrhea can represent a significant proportion of
body weight. Renal mechanisms that regulate fluid
, Week 2 Quiz
and electrolyte conservation may not be mature
enough to counter the losses, so dehydration may
develop rapidly
At the arterial end of capillaries, fluid moves from capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than the
the intravascular space into the interstitial space capillary oncotic pressure.
because the
At the arterial end of capillaries, fluid moves from
the intravascular space into the interstitial,
because capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher
than the capillary oncotic pressure.
When thirst is experienced, how are By an increase in the osmotic pressure of the
osmoreceptors activated? plasma
Thirst is experienced when water loss equals 2% of
an individual’s body weight or when there is an
increase in osmolality. Dry mouth,
hyperosmolality, and plasma volume depletion
activate osmoreceptors (neurons located in the
hypothalamus that are stimulated by increased
osmolality).
Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because 20:1.
bicarbonate (HCO3) and carbonic acid (H2CO3)
exist in a ratio of The relationship between bicarbonate and
carbonic acid is usually expressed as a ratio. When
the pH is 7.40, this ratio is 20:1
(bicarbonate/carbonic acid).
Pulmonary edema usually begins at a pulmonary 20
capillary wedge pressure or left atrial pressure of
_____ mm Hg. Pulmonary edema usually begins to develop at a
pulmonary capillary wedge pressure or left atrial
pressure of 20 mm Hg
_____ is a fulminant form of respiratory failure Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
characterized by acute lung inflammation and
diffuse alveolocapillary injury. ARDS is a fulminant form of respiratory failure
characterized by acute lung inflammation and
diffuse alveolocapillary injury.
Dyspnea is not a result of decreased blood flow to the medulla oblongata.
There are no data to support the role of decreased
blood flow to the medulla oblongata as being a
cause of dyspnea.
NR 507 WEEK 2 QUIZ QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Water movement between the intracellular fluid osmotic forces.
compartment and the extracellular compartment
is primarily a function of
The movement of water between ICF and ECF
compartments is primarily a function of osmotic
forces. (Osmosis and other mechanisms of passive
transport are discussed in Chapter 1.)
How does the loss of chloride during vomiting Loss of chloride causes retention of bicarbonate
cause metabolic alkalosis to maintain the anion balance.
When acid loss is caused by vomiting with
depletion of ECF and chloride (hypochloremic
metabolic alkalosis), renal compensation is not
very effective because the volume depletion and
loss of electrolytes (Na+, K+, H+, Cl-) stimulate a
paradoxical response by the kidneys. The kidneys
increase sodium and bicarbonate reabsorption
with excretion of hydrogen. Bicarbonate is
reabsorbed to maintain an anionic balance
because the ECF chloride concentration is
decreased.
What is a major determinant of the resting The ratio between intracellular K+ and
membrane potential necessary for transmission of extracellular potassium
nerve impulses?
The ratio of K+ in the ICF to K+ in the ECF is the
major determinant of the resting membrane
potential, which is necessary for the transmission
and conduction of nerve impulses, maintenance of
normal cardiac rhythms, and skeletal and smooth
muscle contraction.
Why are infants susceptible to significant losses in Because an infant’s kidneys are not mature
total body water (TBW)? enough to counter fluids losses
Infants are particularly susceptible to significant
changes in TBW because of their high metabolic
rate and the accelerated turnover of body fluids
caused by their greater body surface area in
proportion to total body size. Loss of fluids from
diarrhea can represent a significant proportion of
body weight. Renal mechanisms that regulate fluid
, Week 2 Quiz
and electrolyte conservation may not be mature
enough to counter the losses, so dehydration may
develop rapidly
At the arterial end of capillaries, fluid moves from capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than the
the intravascular space into the interstitial space capillary oncotic pressure.
because the
At the arterial end of capillaries, fluid moves from
the intravascular space into the interstitial,
because capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher
than the capillary oncotic pressure.
When thirst is experienced, how are By an increase in the osmotic pressure of the
osmoreceptors activated? plasma
Thirst is experienced when water loss equals 2% of
an individual’s body weight or when there is an
increase in osmolality. Dry mouth,
hyperosmolality, and plasma volume depletion
activate osmoreceptors (neurons located in the
hypothalamus that are stimulated by increased
osmolality).
Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because 20:1.
bicarbonate (HCO3) and carbonic acid (H2CO3)
exist in a ratio of The relationship between bicarbonate and
carbonic acid is usually expressed as a ratio. When
the pH is 7.40, this ratio is 20:1
(bicarbonate/carbonic acid).
Pulmonary edema usually begins at a pulmonary 20
capillary wedge pressure or left atrial pressure of
_____ mm Hg. Pulmonary edema usually begins to develop at a
pulmonary capillary wedge pressure or left atrial
pressure of 20 mm Hg
_____ is a fulminant form of respiratory failure Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
characterized by acute lung inflammation and
diffuse alveolocapillary injury. ARDS is a fulminant form of respiratory failure
characterized by acute lung inflammation and
diffuse alveolocapillary injury.
Dyspnea is not a result of decreased blood flow to the medulla oblongata.
There are no data to support the role of decreased
blood flow to the medulla oblongata as being a
cause of dyspnea.
