The stroke team is assessing a patient with a suspected
stroke. The patient is alert and able to carry on a
conversation, although the patient has difficulty getting the
words out. Testing confirms that the patient has had an
ischemic stroke. Based on the patient’s medical history, a
history of which arrhythmia would alert the team to the
patient’s increased risk for stroke?
Select the correct answer to this question.
Ventricular fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation
Bradycardia
Atrial tachycardia
Not Quite
Between 15 and 20 percent of embolic strokes are caused by atrial fibrillation.
2A person suddenly collapses while sitting in the sunroom
of a healthcare facility. A healthcare provider observes the
event and hurries over to assess the situation. The
healthcare provider performs which assessment first?
Select the correct answer to this question.
Secondary assessment
Basic life support assessment
Primary assessment
Rapid assessment
Correct
A systematic approach to assessment is necessary. The healthcare provider should first perform a rapid
assessment. A rapid assessment is a quick visual survey to ensure safety, to form an initial impression about
the patient’s condition, and to check for responsiveness, breathing and a pulse if the patient appears to be
unresponsive. This would be followed by a primary assessment and then a secondary assessment.
3A healthcare provider initiates ventilations to ensure
adequate breathing and oxygenation. While ventilations are
being performed, capnography is established to evaluate
the adequacy of the ventilations. The healthcare provider
determines that ventilations are adequate based on which
end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) value?
Select the correct answer to this question.
10 to 15 mmHg
20 to 25 mmHg
25 to 30 mmHg
35 to 45 mmHg
Correct
End-tidal carbon dioxide values in the range of 35 to 45 mmHg confirm adequacy of ventilation.
,4A healthcare provider is establishing cardiac monitoring
using a five-electrode system. The healthcare provider
demonstrates proper use of the system by placing the green
electrode in which location?
Select the correct answer to this question.
On the lower left abdomen
On the lower right abdomen
At the fourth intercostal space, right sternal border
Under the left clavicle, at the midclavicular line
Correct
In a five-electrode cardiac monitoring system, the green electrode should be placed on the lower right
abdomen.
5A patient experiences cardiac arrest, and the resuscitation
team initiates ventilations using a bag-valve-mask (BVM)
resuscitator. The development of which condition during the
provision of care would lead the team to suspect that
improper BVM technique is being used?
Select the correct answer to this question.
Rib fracture
Esophageal injury
Hypertension
Pneumothorax
Correct
Complications can occur with the use of a BVM resuscitator due to improper technique. Delivering
excessive volume or ventilating too fast creates excessive pressure that can damage the airways, lungs and
other organs. Excessive volume can lead to tension pneumothorax.
6A resuscitation team is debriefing following a recent event.
A patient experienced cardiac arrest, and advanced cardiac
life support was initiated. The patient required the
placement of an advanced airway to maintain airway
patency. Which statement indicates that the team performed
high-quality CPR?
Select the correct answer to this question.
“We initiated chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 110 per minute to a depth of 2.4 inches and then gave 1
ventilation every 10 seconds.”
“We delivered 1 ventilation every 6 seconds and chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions
per minute.”
“We kept the rate of chest compressions to around 100 per minute but adjusted their depth to 1.5 inches
while giving 1 ventilation every 3 seconds.”
“We delivered chest compressions at a rate of 80 to 100 per minute to a depth of at least 2 inches and gave
1 ventilation every 6 seconds.”
Correct
, When an advanced airway has been placed in a patient who is in cardiac arrest, compressions and
ventilations are delivered continuously with no interruptions. One provider delivers 1 ventilation every 6
seconds, while the second provider performs compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute.
7Assessment of a patient reveals an ETCO2 level of 55
mmHg and an arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) level of 88%.
The provider would interpret these findings as indicative of
which condition?
Select the correct answer to this question.
Cardiac arrest
Respiratory arrest
Respiratory distress
Respiratory failure
Not Quite
An SaO2 level of less than 90% (PaO2 of less than 50 mmHg) accompanied by ETCO2values greater than
50 mmHg is indicative of respiratory failure.
8A patient’s capnogram reveals the following waveform.
Which segment would the healthcare provider interpret as
reflecting the beginning of exhalation?
Select the correct answer to this question.
A–B
B–C
C–D
D–E
Correct
The A–B segment is the respiratory baseline that represents the beginning of exhalation.
9A patient arrives at the emergency department
complaining of shortness of breath. The patient has a long
history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Assessment reveals respiratory failure. Which action would
be the initial priority?
Select the correct answer to this question.
Initiation of capnography
Delivery of supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula
Establishment of vascular access
Assisted ventilation with BVM resuscitator
Correct
Patients who cannot oxygenate or ventilate adequately despite an open airway or who have insufficient
respiratory effort require assisted ventilation initially provided via a BVM resuscitator.
10A 20-year-old man with respiratory depression is brought
to the emergency department by his parents. The parents
state that “[They] found him at home with various needles
stroke. The patient is alert and able to carry on a
conversation, although the patient has difficulty getting the
words out. Testing confirms that the patient has had an
ischemic stroke. Based on the patient’s medical history, a
history of which arrhythmia would alert the team to the
patient’s increased risk for stroke?
Select the correct answer to this question.
Ventricular fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation
Bradycardia
Atrial tachycardia
Not Quite
Between 15 and 20 percent of embolic strokes are caused by atrial fibrillation.
2A person suddenly collapses while sitting in the sunroom
of a healthcare facility. A healthcare provider observes the
event and hurries over to assess the situation. The
healthcare provider performs which assessment first?
Select the correct answer to this question.
Secondary assessment
Basic life support assessment
Primary assessment
Rapid assessment
Correct
A systematic approach to assessment is necessary. The healthcare provider should first perform a rapid
assessment. A rapid assessment is a quick visual survey to ensure safety, to form an initial impression about
the patient’s condition, and to check for responsiveness, breathing and a pulse if the patient appears to be
unresponsive. This would be followed by a primary assessment and then a secondary assessment.
3A healthcare provider initiates ventilations to ensure
adequate breathing and oxygenation. While ventilations are
being performed, capnography is established to evaluate
the adequacy of the ventilations. The healthcare provider
determines that ventilations are adequate based on which
end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) value?
Select the correct answer to this question.
10 to 15 mmHg
20 to 25 mmHg
25 to 30 mmHg
35 to 45 mmHg
Correct
End-tidal carbon dioxide values in the range of 35 to 45 mmHg confirm adequacy of ventilation.
,4A healthcare provider is establishing cardiac monitoring
using a five-electrode system. The healthcare provider
demonstrates proper use of the system by placing the green
electrode in which location?
Select the correct answer to this question.
On the lower left abdomen
On the lower right abdomen
At the fourth intercostal space, right sternal border
Under the left clavicle, at the midclavicular line
Correct
In a five-electrode cardiac monitoring system, the green electrode should be placed on the lower right
abdomen.
5A patient experiences cardiac arrest, and the resuscitation
team initiates ventilations using a bag-valve-mask (BVM)
resuscitator. The development of which condition during the
provision of care would lead the team to suspect that
improper BVM technique is being used?
Select the correct answer to this question.
Rib fracture
Esophageal injury
Hypertension
Pneumothorax
Correct
Complications can occur with the use of a BVM resuscitator due to improper technique. Delivering
excessive volume or ventilating too fast creates excessive pressure that can damage the airways, lungs and
other organs. Excessive volume can lead to tension pneumothorax.
6A resuscitation team is debriefing following a recent event.
A patient experienced cardiac arrest, and advanced cardiac
life support was initiated. The patient required the
placement of an advanced airway to maintain airway
patency. Which statement indicates that the team performed
high-quality CPR?
Select the correct answer to this question.
“We initiated chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 110 per minute to a depth of 2.4 inches and then gave 1
ventilation every 10 seconds.”
“We delivered 1 ventilation every 6 seconds and chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions
per minute.”
“We kept the rate of chest compressions to around 100 per minute but adjusted their depth to 1.5 inches
while giving 1 ventilation every 3 seconds.”
“We delivered chest compressions at a rate of 80 to 100 per minute to a depth of at least 2 inches and gave
1 ventilation every 6 seconds.”
Correct
, When an advanced airway has been placed in a patient who is in cardiac arrest, compressions and
ventilations are delivered continuously with no interruptions. One provider delivers 1 ventilation every 6
seconds, while the second provider performs compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute.
7Assessment of a patient reveals an ETCO2 level of 55
mmHg and an arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) level of 88%.
The provider would interpret these findings as indicative of
which condition?
Select the correct answer to this question.
Cardiac arrest
Respiratory arrest
Respiratory distress
Respiratory failure
Not Quite
An SaO2 level of less than 90% (PaO2 of less than 50 mmHg) accompanied by ETCO2values greater than
50 mmHg is indicative of respiratory failure.
8A patient’s capnogram reveals the following waveform.
Which segment would the healthcare provider interpret as
reflecting the beginning of exhalation?
Select the correct answer to this question.
A–B
B–C
C–D
D–E
Correct
The A–B segment is the respiratory baseline that represents the beginning of exhalation.
9A patient arrives at the emergency department
complaining of shortness of breath. The patient has a long
history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Assessment reveals respiratory failure. Which action would
be the initial priority?
Select the correct answer to this question.
Initiation of capnography
Delivery of supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula
Establishment of vascular access
Assisted ventilation with BVM resuscitator
Correct
Patients who cannot oxygenate or ventilate adequately despite an open airway or who have insufficient
respiratory effort require assisted ventilation initially provided via a BVM resuscitator.
10A 20-year-old man with respiratory depression is brought
to the emergency department by his parents. The parents
state that “[They] found him at home with various needles
