-
( gradual change / development of something 1
Biological evolution
↳
the gene pool of population the course of time by
change in the a
during such processes as
mutation ,
natural selection and genetic drift
↳
descent with modification
↳
micro -
evolution (evolution within a species ) and macro -
evolution ( decent of different species
from a common ancestor over
many generations/
Importance of knowing biological evolution
↳
biological evolution :
has become the foundation for understanding biology
'
that acts as a
unifying concept
supports / explains many aspects of
-
our
everyday lives
Challenges people to think for themselves
-
HOW did life originate ?
↳
single origin of life -
supported by the fact that all life shares the same genetic code
and similar basic enzymes
↳
life appeared 3.7
mya
How did species diversity originate ?
A. Before 1700
↳ most scientists accepted that :
species were unrelated and remained unchanged ( fixed since
they were created by a divine
-
power)
old / and static
young 16000 years ( unchanging)
the earth was
-
,
,B. 1700 to early 1800
↳ E
ramus Darwin ( Charles 's grandfather) and Jean -
Baptiste Lama rack challenged these
and
concepts through the
study of fossil collections and being aware of the huge
diversity living organisms they convinced that :
of became
changed gradually
-
species had over time
the earth was millions of old
years
-
E ramus Darwin -
doctor scientist
, , philosopher ,
inventor, poet ,
author
↳ in
his book 1200 nomi a) he said that life on earth descended from a common ancestor
↳
(or evolved ) offered
he
suggested that species must have
changed over time but he no
transformation ( evolution )
' '
mechanism for what he termed
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck -
French naturalist
↳ in
his book ( Philosophie 20010 gigue ) he put forward his idea on evolution
,
he proposed
that species were not fixed
↳
he reached this conclusion as result of observations such as
a making various :
-
living species are different to fossil types ,
so life forms must have changed over time
domestication and selective breeding resulted in animals and plants changing
-
cross
breeding of plant species often led to new characters
appearing
-
-
How did Lamarck suggest that species changed ?
↳
proposed that change was a natural phenomenon and not a result of divine intervention
↳
organisms changed during their lifetime so that they could survive in new environments
and that these
aqui red changes were then passed on to
offspring
Use disuse of
-
and
body parts
when the environment changed the organism would
actively respond by changing so it
could adapt to the new environment
, the more used the more they would increase / efficiency
organs were in size
if not used would smaller and eventually disappear
,
they get
Inheritance of acquired characteristics
•
these physical (phenotypic) changes /Characteristics acquired by parents during their lifetime
were then passed on to their offspring
populations changed and new species were formed
acquired characteristics ( soft
' '
this hypothesis was known as the inheritance of inheritance /
Lamarckism )
Example of Lamarckism
↳
the long neck and legs of giraffes were the result of generations of short necked and
-
short legged ancestors
stretching their necks to feed on leaves on
progressively higher levels
-
↳ the
acquired characteristics ( longer neck and legs ) were passed on to the offspring of each
generation until
eventually a new species of giraffe with a very long neck and legs appeared
was Lamarck 's mechanism for evolution correct ?
↳
his belief that the environment can produce phenotypic changes was correct ,
but he
was incorrect in thinking this caused evolutionary change
C. Early 1800 to 1900
early
Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace during this period put forward an acceptable
mechanism for evolution
Charles Darwin
↳
began formulating his theories in the late 1830s after a
voyage where he visited many
countries / islands where he studied observed and documented
,
vast amounts of information
about their geology biogeography
,
and fossils
, ↳ the data
he collected made him aware of Ehe :
immerse
diversity among organisms
-
-
variation of individuals of the same species (species were not Unchangeable )
-
Often puzzling distribution of different species
↳
from his interest in geology Darwin realised that :
the earth is extremely old which allowed time for species to evolve he saw these
'
changes
-
in fossils from the different sedimentary rock
layers
there has been
great geological change over time with different areas and landmasses
-
becoming isolated
isolation leads to species
-
changing
↳
Darwin took awhile to publish his book as he wanted to ensure that his ideas were correct
↳
his book ,
The Origin Of Species ,
was
courageous as it went against the current belief of
and divine creation
species fixity
most influential scientific books of all time ,
as
they were the first acceptable explanations
of 2 vitally important hypotheses
:
1. Modification with descent ( for evolutionary change ) -
a historical fact
species had modified gradually ancestors unlike themselves
-
from ancient
2. Natural selection a mechanism
causing evolution
-
Darwin 's contribution to science and is an explanation of how evolution
greatest
-
takes place
•
individuals best adapted to the environment will leave the most offspring
How did Darwin explain descent with modification ?
All related organisms descended from
-
a common ancestor
-
The ancestral species spread into a
variety of new habitats .
Because they adapted to the
new local conditions
they became modified and thus diversified into new species
The diversification was by branching ( i. e. the ancestral species rise to two or more
•
new
gave
( gradual change / development of something 1
Biological evolution
↳
the gene pool of population the course of time by
change in the a
during such processes as
mutation ,
natural selection and genetic drift
↳
descent with modification
↳
micro -
evolution (evolution within a species ) and macro -
evolution ( decent of different species
from a common ancestor over
many generations/
Importance of knowing biological evolution
↳
biological evolution :
has become the foundation for understanding biology
'
that acts as a
unifying concept
supports / explains many aspects of
-
our
everyday lives
Challenges people to think for themselves
-
HOW did life originate ?
↳
single origin of life -
supported by the fact that all life shares the same genetic code
and similar basic enzymes
↳
life appeared 3.7
mya
How did species diversity originate ?
A. Before 1700
↳ most scientists accepted that :
species were unrelated and remained unchanged ( fixed since
they were created by a divine
-
power)
old / and static
young 16000 years ( unchanging)
the earth was
-
,
,B. 1700 to early 1800
↳ E
ramus Darwin ( Charles 's grandfather) and Jean -
Baptiste Lama rack challenged these
and
concepts through the
study of fossil collections and being aware of the huge
diversity living organisms they convinced that :
of became
changed gradually
-
species had over time
the earth was millions of old
years
-
E ramus Darwin -
doctor scientist
, , philosopher ,
inventor, poet ,
author
↳ in
his book 1200 nomi a) he said that life on earth descended from a common ancestor
↳
(or evolved ) offered
he
suggested that species must have
changed over time but he no
transformation ( evolution )
' '
mechanism for what he termed
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck -
French naturalist
↳ in
his book ( Philosophie 20010 gigue ) he put forward his idea on evolution
,
he proposed
that species were not fixed
↳
he reached this conclusion as result of observations such as
a making various :
-
living species are different to fossil types ,
so life forms must have changed over time
domestication and selective breeding resulted in animals and plants changing
-
cross
breeding of plant species often led to new characters
appearing
-
-
How did Lamarck suggest that species changed ?
↳
proposed that change was a natural phenomenon and not a result of divine intervention
↳
organisms changed during their lifetime so that they could survive in new environments
and that these
aqui red changes were then passed on to
offspring
Use disuse of
-
and
body parts
when the environment changed the organism would
actively respond by changing so it
could adapt to the new environment
, the more used the more they would increase / efficiency
organs were in size
if not used would smaller and eventually disappear
,
they get
Inheritance of acquired characteristics
•
these physical (phenotypic) changes /Characteristics acquired by parents during their lifetime
were then passed on to their offspring
populations changed and new species were formed
acquired characteristics ( soft
' '
this hypothesis was known as the inheritance of inheritance /
Lamarckism )
Example of Lamarckism
↳
the long neck and legs of giraffes were the result of generations of short necked and
-
short legged ancestors
stretching their necks to feed on leaves on
progressively higher levels
-
↳ the
acquired characteristics ( longer neck and legs ) were passed on to the offspring of each
generation until
eventually a new species of giraffe with a very long neck and legs appeared
was Lamarck 's mechanism for evolution correct ?
↳
his belief that the environment can produce phenotypic changes was correct ,
but he
was incorrect in thinking this caused evolutionary change
C. Early 1800 to 1900
early
Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace during this period put forward an acceptable
mechanism for evolution
Charles Darwin
↳
began formulating his theories in the late 1830s after a
voyage where he visited many
countries / islands where he studied observed and documented
,
vast amounts of information
about their geology biogeography
,
and fossils
, ↳ the data
he collected made him aware of Ehe :
immerse
diversity among organisms
-
-
variation of individuals of the same species (species were not Unchangeable )
-
Often puzzling distribution of different species
↳
from his interest in geology Darwin realised that :
the earth is extremely old which allowed time for species to evolve he saw these
'
changes
-
in fossils from the different sedimentary rock
layers
there has been
great geological change over time with different areas and landmasses
-
becoming isolated
isolation leads to species
-
changing
↳
Darwin took awhile to publish his book as he wanted to ensure that his ideas were correct
↳
his book ,
The Origin Of Species ,
was
courageous as it went against the current belief of
and divine creation
species fixity
most influential scientific books of all time ,
as
they were the first acceptable explanations
of 2 vitally important hypotheses
:
1. Modification with descent ( for evolutionary change ) -
a historical fact
species had modified gradually ancestors unlike themselves
-
from ancient
2. Natural selection a mechanism
causing evolution
-
Darwin 's contribution to science and is an explanation of how evolution
greatest
-
takes place
•
individuals best adapted to the environment will leave the most offspring
How did Darwin explain descent with modification ?
All related organisms descended from
-
a common ancestor
-
The ancestral species spread into a
variety of new habitats .
Because they adapted to the
new local conditions
they became modified and thus diversified into new species
The diversification was by branching ( i. e. the ancestral species rise to two or more
•
new
gave
