IEB Genetics and genetic engineering summary and terminology

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and variation
-


branch of that studies
hereditary
:
genetics a
biology
:
complete of instructions (genes ) necessary create
-



genome a set
genetic to an
organism

of DNA that hereditary
-


gene : a section controls a traits


chromosome hundred
-
:
consists of many genes which can
range from several to thousand

-

mutation :
sudden and unpredictable change in the chemical structure of
gene a
gene
-


karyotype : the characteristics of a set of chromosomes ( size .
Shape ,
number etc .
) of a
typical
somatic cell of a given species individual ,
etc
0h


gene found a the
'

all e. 1. e of
alternative locus on homologous
:
version a same chromosomes


position of
-

locus :
a
gene on a chromosome

somatic cell normal ( diploid )
-
:
body cell

gamete haploid sex cell
-
:




autosome :
chromosomes that is not sex chromosome
-
a
any
sex chromosome
geno some
'
:




phenotype
: the
physical appearance of organism
'
an



genotype
:
genetic makeup of organism
-
an


-


homozygous
:
if the pair of alleles at a locus are the same

'


heterozygous :
if the pair of alleles at a locus are different

dominant : the trait expressed in the
-

that is
offspring
recessive the trait that is suppressed presence of the dominant allele
-
:
in the and is not


expressed in the
offspring
filial Fi is the Fz is second
offspring
-



offspring first generation generation offspring
:
.
,




hybrid characteristic
-

mono Cross involving only
:
genetic cross one

-


punnet square : table used to calculate the filial genotype

test cross / back Cross used to determine
•

unknown genotype
: an


:
characteristics
•

traits


purebred that trait
'



homozygous for
: