CHEM 120 Final Exam Review
Questions Covered
1. Know what is the atomic number, atomic mass, protons, neutrons and electrons
2. Describe the shapes of molecules H2S, CBr4, and PCl3
3. Calculating types of bonding (ionic, covalent, nonpolar covalent)
4. Non – polar covalent bonds and polar covalent bonds and electron sharing
5. Know the structure and makeup of DNA and RNA, know what DNA replication,
transcription and translation are and ribosomes role in protein synthesis.
6. Know what a protein is, its makeup and what is primary, tertiary (globular), and
quaternary structure. Also the types of bonds that holds the structure together.
7. Understand enzymes structure and understand function
8. Know anabolism and catabolism
9. Know natural polymers such as cellulose, starch and glycogen, proteins, DNA, ect.
10. Know examples of monosaccharides and disaccharides and polysaccharides
11. What are polysaccharides and examples such as cellulose, starch and glycogen
12. Understand lipids and fats
13. Carbon containing molecules and their naming including all functional groups, identify,
naming and condensed structural formulas, IUPAC naming. Also know what a carbonyl
group is.
14. Radioactivity and its effect on atomic structure, calculating atomic changes in alpha, beta,
positron emission, electron capture and gamma radiation.
15. Know how to convert degrees C to degrees K and always use that in gas laws. Also
degree F to degree C.
16. Memorize Boyle’s Law, Charles Law and the ideal gas law. Remember the constant R in
the ideal gas law.
17. Molar volume of a gas at STP and how to use that information
18. Be able to determine products of neutralization reactions for example HCl + NaOH > ?
(NaCl +H2O)
19. Memorize metric measurements ( for example there is 100cm in 1 meter, there is 100g in
a kg)
20. Given a molecular formula be able to identify cations, anions, their charges, molecule
names
21. Memorize the range of EN for nonpolar covalent bonds, polar covalent and ionic bonds
22. Essential and non essential amino acids.
23. Biological condensation reactions
1. Question: Know what is the atomic number, atomic mass, protons, neutrons & electrons
Atomic number – is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of any element
Atomic mass – is expressed in amu; is the wighted average
Protons – are positively charged particles in the nucleus
Neutron – are neutral, have no electrical charge
, Electrons – are negatively charged particles in the nucleus
Atomic number = number of protons
Atomic number – (minus) atomic mass = neutrons
2. Question: Describe the shapes of molecules H2S, CBr4, & PCl3
H2S – bent
Number of bonded atoms: 2
Number of lone pairs: 2
Number of electron sets: 4
CBr4 – tetrahedral
Number of bonded atoms: 4
Number of lone pairs: 0
Number of electron sets: 4
PCl3 – pyramidal
Number of bonded atoms: 3
Number of lone pairs: 1
Number of electron sets: 4
3. Question: Calculating types of bonding (ionic, covalent, nonpolar covalent)
Subtract the smaller EN value from the larger EN value
0 – 0.4 = nonpolar covalent
> (greater than) 0.4 – 1.7 = polar covalent
> (greater than) 1.7 = ionic bond
Ionic bonds – is a bond that forms when electrons is being transferred from one form to another
form, which results in positive & negative ions
Covalent bond – a bond formed when atoms share electrons
Nonpolar covalent bonds – when the EN is very similar between 2 atoms
Polar covalent – when the EN is different between 2 atoms
4. Question: Non – polar covalent bonds & polar covalent bonds & electron sharing
Bonding electron pair – the shared pair of electrons in covalent bonds
Nonbonding pairs or lone pairs – the electrons that are not shared as part of the covalent bond
Nonpolar covalent bonds – when the EN is very similar between 2 atoms
Polar covalent – when the EN is different between 2 atoms
5. Question: Know the structure & makeup of DNA & RNA, know what DNA replication,
transcription & translation are & ribosomes role in protein synthesis.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) – provides a mechanism for heredity & serves as the
blueprint for all the proteins of an organism
The DNA helix is held together by hydrogen bonds between the
nucleotides
Adenine (A) binds with Thymine (T) in DNA
Guanine (G) binds with Cytosine (C) in DNA & RNA
Questions Covered
1. Know what is the atomic number, atomic mass, protons, neutrons and electrons
2. Describe the shapes of molecules H2S, CBr4, and PCl3
3. Calculating types of bonding (ionic, covalent, nonpolar covalent)
4. Non – polar covalent bonds and polar covalent bonds and electron sharing
5. Know the structure and makeup of DNA and RNA, know what DNA replication,
transcription and translation are and ribosomes role in protein synthesis.
6. Know what a protein is, its makeup and what is primary, tertiary (globular), and
quaternary structure. Also the types of bonds that holds the structure together.
7. Understand enzymes structure and understand function
8. Know anabolism and catabolism
9. Know natural polymers such as cellulose, starch and glycogen, proteins, DNA, ect.
10. Know examples of monosaccharides and disaccharides and polysaccharides
11. What are polysaccharides and examples such as cellulose, starch and glycogen
12. Understand lipids and fats
13. Carbon containing molecules and their naming including all functional groups, identify,
naming and condensed structural formulas, IUPAC naming. Also know what a carbonyl
group is.
14. Radioactivity and its effect on atomic structure, calculating atomic changes in alpha, beta,
positron emission, electron capture and gamma radiation.
15. Know how to convert degrees C to degrees K and always use that in gas laws. Also
degree F to degree C.
16. Memorize Boyle’s Law, Charles Law and the ideal gas law. Remember the constant R in
the ideal gas law.
17. Molar volume of a gas at STP and how to use that information
18. Be able to determine products of neutralization reactions for example HCl + NaOH > ?
(NaCl +H2O)
19. Memorize metric measurements ( for example there is 100cm in 1 meter, there is 100g in
a kg)
20. Given a molecular formula be able to identify cations, anions, their charges, molecule
names
21. Memorize the range of EN for nonpolar covalent bonds, polar covalent and ionic bonds
22. Essential and non essential amino acids.
23. Biological condensation reactions
1. Question: Know what is the atomic number, atomic mass, protons, neutrons & electrons
Atomic number – is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of any element
Atomic mass – is expressed in amu; is the wighted average
Protons – are positively charged particles in the nucleus
Neutron – are neutral, have no electrical charge
, Electrons – are negatively charged particles in the nucleus
Atomic number = number of protons
Atomic number – (minus) atomic mass = neutrons
2. Question: Describe the shapes of molecules H2S, CBr4, & PCl3
H2S – bent
Number of bonded atoms: 2
Number of lone pairs: 2
Number of electron sets: 4
CBr4 – tetrahedral
Number of bonded atoms: 4
Number of lone pairs: 0
Number of electron sets: 4
PCl3 – pyramidal
Number of bonded atoms: 3
Number of lone pairs: 1
Number of electron sets: 4
3. Question: Calculating types of bonding (ionic, covalent, nonpolar covalent)
Subtract the smaller EN value from the larger EN value
0 – 0.4 = nonpolar covalent
> (greater than) 0.4 – 1.7 = polar covalent
> (greater than) 1.7 = ionic bond
Ionic bonds – is a bond that forms when electrons is being transferred from one form to another
form, which results in positive & negative ions
Covalent bond – a bond formed when atoms share electrons
Nonpolar covalent bonds – when the EN is very similar between 2 atoms
Polar covalent – when the EN is different between 2 atoms
4. Question: Non – polar covalent bonds & polar covalent bonds & electron sharing
Bonding electron pair – the shared pair of electrons in covalent bonds
Nonbonding pairs or lone pairs – the electrons that are not shared as part of the covalent bond
Nonpolar covalent bonds – when the EN is very similar between 2 atoms
Polar covalent – when the EN is different between 2 atoms
5. Question: Know the structure & makeup of DNA & RNA, know what DNA replication,
transcription & translation are & ribosomes role in protein synthesis.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) – provides a mechanism for heredity & serves as the
blueprint for all the proteins of an organism
The DNA helix is held together by hydrogen bonds between the
nucleotides
Adenine (A) binds with Thymine (T) in DNA
Guanine (G) binds with Cytosine (C) in DNA & RNA
